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17,191 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Secure Speculative Decoding for Large Language Models

Speculative decoding accelerates inference for a large language model (LLM), referred to as the \emph{target model}, by first using a smaller model, referred to as the \emph{draft model}, to generate candidate tokens and then verifying them with the target model for acceptance or rejection. Prior studies primarily focu...

Yi-Chi Zhang, Zhi-Qi Wang, N. Gong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Steering Diffusion Models to Rare Events with Sequential Monte Carlo

Diffusion models are increasingly used as surrogates for expensive simulators in weather prediction, molecular dynamics, and materials design. In these models, computing the probability $p_0[E]$ of an event $E$ is difficult, especially when the event of interest is rare. A stable estimate using Monte Carlo becomes comp...

A. Subedi, Tim Reichelt, Christopher Williams et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SquidAgent: Parallelize Wisely, Coordinate Efficiently

LLM-based agents solve complex multi-step tasks, but sequential execution incurs substantial latency. In principle, parallelizing work across multiple agents should yield near-linear speedups. Yet existing parallel multi-agent systems often run slower than a single-agent baseline. We attribute this gap to two hidden co...

Yexiong Lin, Shanshan Ye, Yu Yao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Feature Information Dynamics in Diffusion

Diffusion models generate data through a continuum of denoising problems, and are widely observed to reveal coarse structure before fine detail. Yet, this intuition is mostly empirical and qualitative. We introduce feature information dynamics, an information-theoretic framework for localizing when a feature is generat...

Jia-Shu Pan, Tao Zhang, Yun Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

FedDermaSeg: Federated Learning for Dermatological Image Segmentation

Skin cancer is a major global health concern, and early detection and accurate lesion delineation are important for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. Automated skin lesion analysis can assist dermatologists, with lesion segmentation serving as a fundamental step in computer-aided diagnostic systems. Conventio...

A. Pal, Ganesh Patidar, Bikash Santra · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RAG-PIBench: A Leakage-Aware Benchmark for Prompt-Injection Detection in Trustworthy RAG Systems

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to prompt-injection attacks embedded in retrieved content. We introduce RAG-PIBench, a benchmark for RAG-style prompt-injection detection containing 4,876 contextual examples across frozen train, validation, and protected-test splits. Using a leakage-aware con...

Niveen O. Jaffal, Ahmet Yuksel, David Mohaisen · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Have I Seen Enough? Frozen Video-Language Models Encode Evidence Readiness

Streaming video-language models must decide not only what to answer, but whether the evidence needed for the current question has arrived. Existing systems learn that decision as a separate trigger; we ask whether an unmodified model already computes it. We show that frozen VideoLLMs carry a linearly readable evidence-...

D. Ben-Ami, Kobi Cohen, Chaim Baskin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Latent space bias directions in LLMs capture confidence, not fairness

Activation steering has gained popularity as a lightweight inference-time debiasing technique for large language models. However, prior work reports that steering vectors generalise poorly, with unintended effects on model performance and limited transfer to new datasets. Our work analyses what the debiasing direction...

Stephanie Buttigieg, Maeve Madigan, P. Kamalaruban et al. · 1 citation · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Systemization of Knowledge (SoK): Human-Centered AI Safety for Youth

This systematic review of empirical HCI studies involving children and youth interacting with or exposed to AI across schools, homes, care settings, and public services identifies where coverage is absent, where safeguards remain untested, and proposes concrete directions for HCI research to strengthen youth AI-safety.

Pratyasha Saha, Ya-Man Yu, Yang Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AnyBottle: A Recipe to Only Keep the Concepts You Really Need

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) make predictions inspectable and intervenable by routing them through human-interpretable concepts, but originally required concept annotations. Annotation-free variants remove this requirement, but typically use large concept vocabularies, static at both training and inference, produci...

Wolfgang Stammer, Sukrut Rao, Hevra Petekkaya et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Toward Alignment Scaling Laws: A Framework and First Preregistered Measurements

Whether alignment gets easier or harder as models grow is often argued from isolated findings, as if alignment were one property. We treat it as a family of measurable scaling relations: for each risk category r, the alignment burden needed to hold a fixed safety target is modeled as B_r(N)=a_rN^alpha_r, with N a capab...

Jeremy Canale · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Perturbation Magnitude: Direction-Dependent Responses in Multimodal Geometric Representations

Geometric alignment scores based on Gram determinants provide a compact way to model higher-order consistency among modalities, yet how such scores respond to modality degradation is poorly understood. This paper asks whether the response of a multimodal geometric score is determined primarily by the magnitude of the p...

Yongsheng Luo, Wengan He, Yu Li et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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