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12,041 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Hallucination Self-Play: Bootstrapping Reinforced Detector via Evolved Generator

Identifying faithfulness hallucinations in LLM-generated outputs remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality annotated data. Recent work relies on advanced LLMs to synthesize training data, including rationales, labels, and hallucinated claims. However, these methods treat the generator as a static componen...

Shiping Yang, Shining Liang, Weihao Liu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

BehaviorBench: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Behavioral Science Tasks

Foundation models have been increasingly applied to behavioral science domains such as psychology, sociology, and economics. While these models show promise in tasks such as survey response prediction and human-subject experiment simulation, there remains no systematic understanding of how well they perform across dive...

Jin Huang, Yutong Xie, Wanli Song et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reinforcement Learning-Based Traffic Signal Control for IoT-Enabled Intersections

Urban traffic congestion remains a persistent challenge in car-dependent cities, imposing significant economic and societal costs. Traffic signal systems are increasingly deployed as networked cyber-physical components within smart-city infrastructures, where distributed sensing and edge intelligence enable adaptive tr...

Yousef AlSaqabi · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

An RRAM-based Hardware Implementation of a Radial Basis Function Neuron for Edge Classifiers

The deployment of modern machine learning (ML) solutions on resource-constrained edge devices highlights implementation challenges. This is especially true for extreme edge applications that include safety-critical components, such as autonomous navigation tasks. This paper demonstrates an artificial neural network (AN...

Georgios Papandroulidakis, Shady Agwa, Themis Prodromakis · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Are Good Generators Good Decision-Makers? Policy Learning for General Interventions via Retargeted Counterfactual Generation

Generative models are increasingly used to support decision-making in complex systems, where interventions may be joint and high-dimensional, and outcomes are high-dimensional. However, using generators for these decision-making settings are challenged by three problems. First, they are often trained on noisy logs with...

Raphael C Kim, Jingsen Zhu, Ramin Zabih et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Modeling Robotics Dataset Construction as an Artifact-Based Build Process

Robotic systems generate large volumes of multimodal sensor data, but converting ROS bag recordings into machine learning datasets is often handled by ad hoc sequential scripts, creating engineering overhead and slow iteration cycles. We model dataset construction as an artifact-based build process over a dependency gr...

Leon Pohl, Lukas Beer, George Sebastian et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Latent Performance Profiling of Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) frequently achieve impressive scores on standardized benchmarks, yet accuracy alone offers a limited view of their capabilities. Evaluating open-source LLMs on leaderboards faces persistent issues such as data contamination, a narrow task scope, and poor alignment with real-world reliabilit...

Tanmoy Chakraborty, Ayan Sengupta, Suparna Bhattacharya et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

QLIF-CAST: Quantum Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire for Time-Series Weather Forecasting

Accurate and efficient time-series forecasting remains a challenging problem for both classical and quantum neural architectures, particularly in multivariate environmental settings. This work adapts the Quantum Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (QLIF) spiking neural network for time-series regression tasks, specifically short-...

Alberto Marchisio, Aayan Ebrahim, Nouhaila Innan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Empirical Evidence for Simply Connected Decision Regions in Image Classifiers

The topology of a classifier's decision regions determines how inputs with the same predicted label can be connected and deformed without changing that prediction. Prior empirical work constructed paths between same-label images within a single region, but did not examine whether loops bound surfaces within that region...

Arjhun Swaminathan, Mete Akg\"un · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Component-Adaptive and Lesion-Level Supervision for Improved Small Structure Segmentation in Brain MRI

Small lesions in brain MRI are hard to segment because they occupy a tiny fraction of the volume and are dominated by background and larger lesions during voxel-wise optimization, so a model can reach a high Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) while missing many of them. We propose CATMIL, a training objective that adds...

Minh Sao Khue Luu, Evgeniy N. Pavlovskiy, Bair N. Tuchinov · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Out-of-Air Computation: Enabling Structured Function Extraction from Wireless Superposition

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) broadly exploits the superposition property of wireless multiple-access channels (MACs) to compute functions of distributed data. Within this broad class, dominant conventional designs are embedding-oriented: they pre-shape transmitted signals or mitigate channel effects so that the r...

Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Variational Latent-Space Framework for Uncertainty-Aware Spectral Image Emulation

Synthetic spectral image generation is essential for remote sensing simulation and mission design, yet physically based radiative transfer models (RTMs) remain computationally expensive. Existing learning-based emulators reduce this cost, but are mostly deterministic parameter-to-spectrum regressors with limited spatia...

Chedly Ben Azizi, Claire Guilloteau, Gilles Roussel et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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