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#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PACT: Privileged Trace Co-Training for Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agents

Multi-turn tool-use agents must reason, call tools, and adapt to observations across several interaction turns. Post-training such agents is challenging, as reinforcement learning often suffers from sparse rewards and weak credit assignment despite matching the prompt-only inference setting, while supervised fine-tunin...

Zhenbang Du, Jun Luo, Zhiwei Zheng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Invisible Hand of Physics: When Video Diffusion Models Know More Than They Show

Modern video diffusion models generate increasingly realistic and temporally coherent videos, motivating their use as candidate world simulators. Yet it remains unclear whether these models internally encode physical structure, or merely reproduce motion patterns seen during training. We study this question by probing...

Parsa Esmati, Somjit Nath, Katja Hofmann et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Should the Teacher Move? Temporal Coupling and Stability in Self On-Policy Distillation

Self on-policy distillation trains a student policy against a teacher derived from its own parameter history, yet the teacher's update schedule -- which governs the \emph{temporal coupling} between teacher and student -- has not been systematically studied as a stability variable. Through a controlled schedule sweep on...

Haowei Guo, Baolong Bi, Ruicheng Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Stochastic MeanFlow Policies: One-Step Generative Control with Entropic Mirror Descent

Combining entropy regularisation with mirror descent in online off-policy reinforcement learning requires expressive policies with efficient sampling and explicit entropy control. Gaussian policies struggle to represent multimodal targets, whereas generative policies often require iterative sampling or lack tractable e...

Zeyuan Wang, Da Li, Yulin Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Sampling-Based Safe Reinforcement Learning

Safe exploration remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), limiting the deployment of RL agents in the real world. We propose Sampling-Based Safe Reinforcement Learning (SBSRL), a model-based RL algorithm that maintains safety throughout the learning process by enforcing constraints jointly across...

Luca Vignola, Bruce D. Lee, Manish Prajapat et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FactoryNet: A Large-Scale Dataset toward Industrial Time-Series Foundation Models

Industrial machines are actuated systems, yet most open time-series corpora record sensor outcomes alone; the few that do log commanded signals expose them in vendor-specific forms that differ from machine to machine, so commanded intent and measured response cannot be compared across embodiments. We introduce FactoryN...

Jonas Petersen, Pratik Jawahar, Riccardo Maggioni et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Pairs: Your Language Model is Secretly Optimizing a Preference Graph

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) aligns language models using pairwise preference comparisons, offering a simple and effective alternative to Reinforcement Learning (RL) from human feedback. However, in many practical settings, training data consists of multiple rollouts per prompt, inducing rich preference structu...

Ning Liu, Chuanneng Sun, Kristina Klinkner et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Convex Optimization of Spiking Neural Networks with Global and Approximation Guarantees

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been proposed as energy-efficient alternatives to deep neural networks. Their training is non-convex and involves a non-differentiable spike function, so existing methods offer no guarantee of reaching a global optimum. We address this issue by formulating SNN optimization as an equi...

Himanshu Udupi, Calvin Ang, Sungyoon Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

On the Rate of Convergence of GD in Non-linear Neural Networks: An Adversarial Robustness Perspective

We study the convergence dynamics of Gradient Descent (GD) in a minimal binary classification setting, consisting of a two-neuron ReLU network and two training instances. We prove that even under these strong simplifying assumptions, while GD successfully converges to an optimal robustness margin, effectively maximizin...

Guy Smorodinsky, Sveta Gimpleson, Itay Safran · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond State-Wise Mirror Descent: Offline Policy Optimization with Parametric Policies

We investigate the theoretical aspects of offline reinforcement learning (RL) under general function approximation. While prior works (e.g., Xie et al., 2021) have established the theoretical foundations of learning a good policy from offline data via pessimism, existing algorithms that are computationally tractable (o...

Xiang Li, Yuheng Zhang, Nan Jiang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

COBALT: Contextual Bandit Learning with Offline Trajectories for Multi-Turn Code Generation

Training large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn code generation typically relies on online reinforcement learning (RL), in which models learn from repeatedly generated online rollouts. Although effective, online RL can be costly and unstable. In this paper, we present contextual bandit learning with offline trajec...

Ziru Chen, Dongdong Chen, Ruinan Jin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Preference-Conditioned Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Tactical Decision Making in Heavy-Duty Vehicles

A central difficulty in applying reinforcement learning to real-world applications such as autonomous driving is that conventional scalar reward formulations obtained by aggregating multiple often competing objectives may obscure the structure of their trade-offs. These challenges are particularly relevant to decision-...

Deepthi Pathare, Leo Laine, Morteza Haghir Chehreghani · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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