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12,814 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Sensor Geometry as a Flow-Matching Prior for Multi-Channel Brain Signals

Flow-matching models start from an isotropic Gaussian source, the standard choice when the correlation structure of the data is unknown in advance. For multi-channel brain recordings, however, part of this structure is known in advance. Electrodes sit at fixed positions on the head, and volume conduction through the sk...

Jaedong Hwang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty Quantification Is Indispensable for Reliable Connectome-Based Graph Learning: A Narrative Review and Case Study

While graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown substantial promise in connectome-based diagnostic classification, deterministic models inevitably suppress pipeline-induced noise and model ambiguities, yielding overconfident predictions. Although uncertainty quantification (UQ) is widely adopted in voxel-level segmentati...

Mansooreh Pakravan · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Structure-Aware Graph Abstention for Reliable Selective Forecasting

Selective forecasting abstains on high-risk test windows under a retained-coverage budget. Existing gates such as TEM (Brusokas et al., 2025) score each forecast as a whole; for multivariate outputs, trajectories can look plausible while violating dependencies among variables. We treat instance-level plausibility and r...

Jian-Xiang Xie, B. Alsinglawi · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

OxiGen: Oxidation-State-Aware Crystal Generation

Generative models have the potential to accelerate inorganic materials discovery by enabling inverse design, but generating experimentally realisable crystals remains challenging. Oxidation states are widely used to assess the compositional validity of crystals and guide inorganic materials discovery. While existing ge...

Dylan John, Kim E. Jelfs, Alex M. Ganose et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scalable extraction and visualization of multi-attribute logical and functional dependencies in tabular data

Understanding the structural relationships among attributes in tabular data is fundamental to machine learning and pattern recognition. While functional dependency (FD) discovery has been extensively studied, scalable discovery of logical dependencies (LDs), particularly as the number of attributes and dependency order...

Chaithra Umesh (Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, Germany) et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Performative Prediction with Selective Labels

Many social applications of machine learning exhibit performative effects: population behavior changes in response to deployed models. Performative prediction studies this interaction through a distribution map that relates each model to the population distribution it induces. One of the main results in this framework...

Giovani Valdrighi, Isabel Valera, Marcos Medeiros Raimundo · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reinforcement Learning with Segment Reward Feedback under Linear Function Approximation

Classical reinforcement learning (RL) assumes that a reward is observed for every visited state-action pair. However, in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, such fine-grained feedback can be costly or difficult to collect, whereas trajectory-level feedback may be too sparse for efficient learning. To pr...

Fengxu Liu, Siwei Wang, Gal Dalal et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Finding the Heads and the Neurons Responsible for Network Information Retrieval in Language Models

We ask whether specific attention heads, and more finely specific neurons inside those heads, are responsible for recognizing that a language model's context contains network infrastructure information (a hostname paired with its IP address), and whether that responsibility can be validated causally rather than by corr...

Abdul Kadir, Md. Mohashin Hossain, Daniel Sonntag University of Oldenburg et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

On the Intrinsic Limited Robustness of Latent-Based Watermarking

Existing latent-based watermarking methods for diffusion models have overestimated their robustness to image distortions, including geometric transformations such as rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). Moreover, this paradigm of watermarking approaches may suffer from inherent limitations arising from the domain...

Cheng-Han Yeh, Kuan-Chun Yu, Cheng-Chang Tsai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Align, Then Correct: Training-Free Two-Stage Low-Rank Compensation for Extremely Quantized Large Language Models

Low-rank quantization error compensation (LQEC) recovers the accuracy lost under aggressive weight quantization by attaching a closed-form rank-$r$ adapter beside each frozen quantized weight, without any training. We show that existing compensators are limited by two shared simplifications. They calibrate symmetricall...

Seobin Song, Geonho Lee, Janghwan Lee et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Symphony for Text Generation: Benchmarking Clinical Note Generation

Ambient documentation systems are rapidly gaining adoption, yet their impact on clinical note quality remains poorly characterized. We introduce MedConv, a multilingual dataset of 300 clinical encounters in English, Danish, and German, and use it alongside the Ambient Clinical Intelligence benchmark (ACI-BENCH) to comp...

Daniel Varab, Victor Petr\'en Bach Hansen, Asbj{\o}rn W. Helge et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Mu-DisCoCat: A Variational Pipeline for Compositional Generalization on Quantum Processors

Achieving compositional concept generalization (CoCoGen), the ability to understand novel situations by recombining learned primitives, remains a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence. Compositional semantic models such as Compositional Distributional Semantics (DisCoCat) offer solutions by generalising vect...

Mina Abbaszadeh, M. K. Moore, Raem Haq et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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