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#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Bregman Divergences Shape Shampoo

Understanding the principles behind Shampoo has recently guided the development of more effective neural network optimizers. These methods learn a preconditioner by optimizing the Frobenius or Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence against the gradient second moment. In this work, we investigate how the choice of divergence...

Bing Liu, Wenjie Zhou, Chengcheng Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

PHBA: Prefix-State Hybrid Block Attention

Hybrid architectures combining linear sequence models with softmax attention provide an effective balance between efficient long-context modeling and precise token retrieval. Existing designs such as Native Hybrid Attention (NHA) combine compressed long-term states with sliding-window attention, but their exact attenti...

Rui-Jie Li, Jia-Xi Hu, Shi-Yu Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MetaLearnNCA: Few-Shot Offline Meta-Learning via Interacting Neural Cellular Automata

Few-shot meta-learning traditionally formulates task adaptation either as analytical gradient descent through unrolled computational graphs or as metric-based distance comparisons over flattened 1D fea- ture vectors, which either incur costly test-time backpropagation or discard native 2D spatial geometry. In this work...

Etienne Guichard, Stefano Nichele · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Learning PDE solution operators with variable initial conditions via Latent Dynamics Networks

In many-query scenarios, data-driven surrogate models provide an efficient alternative to high-fidelity solvers for simulating physical systems governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). In this context, the Latent Dynamics Network (LDNet) has recently demonstrated remarkable performance in predicting the respo...

Stefano Maria Pizzamiglio, S. Pagani, Francesco Regazzoni · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Climbing the Design Ladder: Sequential Knowledge Distillation for Early-Stage Circuit Timing Prediction

Integrated circuit design involves multiple design stages: logic synthesis, floorplanning, placement, and routing, with each stage taking hours to weeks to complete. Discovering timing violations late in this flow forces costly iterations back to earlier stages, wasting computational resources and delaying product laun...

Reza Moravej, Fahad Rahman Amik, Zhanguang Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Symmetry-Aware Feature Learning: A Polynomial Separation for Multi-Index Models

We establish a polynomial sample complexity separation between symmetry-aware and symmetry-agnostic feature learning. We study growing-rank multi-index models with high-dimensional Gaussian covariates in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $r=\Theta(d^\delta)$ teacher directions forming a cyclic symmetry orbit, where $0<\delta<1/2$. We...

Jivan Waber, Vanessa Piccolo, Yatin Dandi et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SSR: Sparse Segment Reduction for Ternary GEMM Acceleration

Large Language Models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained hardware. Ternary LLMs mitigate these demands through weight quantization via ternary values, achieving significant compression often with 50-90% sparsity. However, existing approaches have limita...

Adeline Pittet, Shien Zhu, Val\'erie Verdan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

VETTA: Coordinating Turn- and Token-Level Credit Assignment for Multi-Turn LLM Agents

Multi-turn LLM agents often receive sparse task feedback across several interactions, while generating each response token by token. This creates two related credit-assignment questions: which responses helped achieve the outcome, and which generation decisions mattered within each response? Existing methods typically...

Jiaju Chen, Min Yang, Jinghua Piao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Atom-JEPA: Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture for 3D Atomistic Systems

Large-scale self-supervised pretraining has reshaped modern machine learning, substantially advancing the ability of language and vision models to generalize across downstream tasks. While deep learning has driven considerable progress in modeling atomistic systems in recent years, self-supervised pretraining in this d...

Kasper Helverskov Petersen, Rasmus Tirsgaard, François Cornet et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Decision-Focused Learning in MDPs: An Occupancy Measure Approach

In this work, we consider decision-focused learning (DFL) for a Markov decision process (MDP), where existing methods differentiate through the KKT conditions of the Bellman equation and require solving a linear system over all state-action pairs, limiting its scalability. We address this by reformulating the MDP as an...

Zi-Hao Zhao, Ashwath K. Karunakaram, A. Eshragh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Accelerating the Development of PLGA In Situ Forming Depots Through AI-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization

Developing long-acting injectable formulations requires the simultaneous optimization of drug loading, release kinetics, viscosity, injectability, stability and other objectives. To navigate this multidimensional space, Corbion and Intrepid combined Corbion's diverse PURASORB bioresorbable polymer library with Intrepid...

Pauric Bannigan, Siddarth Chandrasekaran, Brigitte A. G. Lamers et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Evolutionary One-Step Generators: Fast and Diverse Sampling for Discrete Design

Several discrete design tasks, such as molecular discovery, require diverse collections of useful candidates at low computational cost. High validity alone does not guarantee a useful candidate library: repeatedly generating the same valid structures leaves few distinct alternatives. Training for both feasibility and d...

Marcus Vukojevic, Erik Nielsen, Veronica Lachi et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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