diffusion models

Dynamics and threshold analysis of a stochastic epidemic model driven by a bounded Wright–Fisher diffusion process

The Development Multiplier of Universal Reliable Electricity

Universal access to reliable electricity functions as a foundational development multiplier, enabling productivity gains, institutional capacity, and long‑run economic transformation across all sectors. This paper synthesizes evidence from energy‑systems engineering, development economics, and digital‑economy dynamics...

A Load That Cannot Break a Part Breaks It Given Time: the Temperature of Creep Is Measured Against the Melting Point ── at high temperature, a load below the threshold keeps stretching a part over time until it breaks (creep) ── the separator is not whether a threshold was crossed but whether time has accumulated, and not the temperature itself but the temperature divided by the melting point ── [Paper 659]

The strength of a part is usually stated as a threshold: "it will not break below this stress". Time does not enter it. But at high temperature, even under a load below the threshold, a part keeps stretching slowly and eventually breaks. This is called creep. How time, temperature and stress act in creep is counted. No...

Synergistic Li⁺-functionalised Mo₂CTₓ MXene and polyaniline composite for rapid and stable moisture sensing in wearable wound monitoring application

Managing optimal moisture balance is essential for chronic wound healing, yet current clinical assessments are often subjective and intermittent. This study reports the development of a high-performance, flexible resistive moisture sensor designed for real-time, quantitative wound monitoring. The active sensing layer...

(Quantum)Annihilation Field Universe Model: From Particle Emergence to Cumulative Redshift

(Quantum) Annihilation Field Universe Model: From Particle Emergence to Cumulative Redshift Abstract This paper proposes an annihilation field universe model. The annihilation field is the core concept of this paper—a fundamental field in vacuum that forms localized excitations under the boundary conditions of quantum...

Multi-Chamber Dynamic Molecular Crystal Microcapsules for Payload Encapsulation and Controlled Release

Crystalline self-assembly offers a powerful route to ordered organic materials with well-defined structures and morphologies. Despite substantial advances in controlling crystal habit, organic single crystals with precisely engineered architectures, particularly those with fully enclosed internal cavities, remain exc...

والنماذج التوليدية MLOps، هندسة الذكاء الاصطناعي الحديثة: الشامل في التعلم الآلي

إليك ملخص شامل لكتاب " ، هندسة الذكاء الاصطناعي الحديثة: الشامل في التعلم الآلي والنماذج التوليدية , MLOps" للدكتورة عابدة الحناوي: الفكرة المحورية للكتاب يسد هذا الكتاب الفجوة الكبيرة بين الجانب النظرى الأكاديمي للذكاء الاصطناعي والجانب الهندسي التطبيقي (AI Engineering / MLOps). فهو لا يكتفي بشرح كيفية بناء الخوارزميا...

The Development Multiplier of Universal Reliable Electricity

Universal access to reliable electricity functions as a foundational development multiplier, enabling productivity gains, institutional capacity, and long‑run economic transformation across all sectors. This paper synthesizes evidence from energy‑systems engineering, development economics, and digital‑economy dynamics...

Hierarchical Multi-Label Classifier of Patent Abstracts by International Patent Classification

IPC-Classifier is an open-source software tool that performs hierarchical multi-label classification of patent abstracts according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) system. The tool supports research into innovation, technology diffusion, and regional economic development by automatically assigning paten...

Tempering Can Trade Time for Temperature, but Quenching Cannot: Only Changes That Need Diffusion Can Make the Trade ── By the Hollomon--Jaffe equation, tempering steel at 500 °C for 1 hour can be replaced by 477.4060 °C for 4 hours (22.5940 °C lower) ── the separator is whether the change needs diffusion ── [Paper 658]

Steel is hardened by cooling it suddenly from high temperature (quenching), then reheated at a moderate temperature to restore toughness (tempering). In the workshop it is said that "if you lower the temperature, just take longer", but that holds only for tempering. The relation between time and temperature is counted...

The Same Stripes, Cut by a Clock and a Front in Somites and by Diffusion in Turing Patterns ── Turing stripes become 2.000000 times wider when diffusion is made 4 times faster, but only 1.001460 times wider when the front is made 2 times faster and 1.083212 times when 4 times faster ── the separator is what must be moved to move the width of the stripes ── [Paper 648]

Living bodies carry stripes that repeat at the same width: the somites that become the backbone, and the patterns on animal skins. Two models of how stripes form are known. In one, a front receding along the body copies the time kept by a clock inside each cell onto a width in space (the clock-and-wavefront model); in...

scLDM: a conditional diffusion framework for single-cell perturbation prediction.

Overall, scLDM provides a robust and biologically consistent strategy for in silico perturbation screening, and exhibits strong interpretability, as the learned perturbation embeddings show high functional alignment with known biological mechanisms.