Heat Field Signatures: From Point Clouds to Smooth Geometry

Abstract

Bringing multiscale geometric analysis directly to irregular point clouds remains difficult: quantities such as local dimension, anisotropy, density variation, and geometric transitions are typically estimated through explicit neighborhood, manifold, or graph constructions, or left for neural networks to infer from coordinates. We introduce Heat Field Signatures (HFS), which lift a point cloud to a multiscale family of smooth ambient heat fields, providing a direct interface from discrete samples to geometric analysis. From this field, HFS computes closed-form global and local signatures directly from pairwise distances, capturing heat concentration, intrinsic dimension, anisotropy, and scale transitions. We further introduce the Heat Dimension Spectrum (HDS), a compact summary of multiscale geometric composition. HFS can be used as a closed-form descriptor, a lightweight learned representation, or a geometric feature channel for neural point-cloud models. Across synthetic and real-world benchmarks spanning subcellular, neuronal, tree, and protein data, HFS outperforms strong point-cloud and multiparameter-persistence baselines while substantially reducing end-to-end cost. On SCOP protein-fold classification, HFS improves over the strongest deep baseline by nearly $24$ percentage points using coordinates alone, while standalone HFS representations are exactly rotation-invariant by construction. More broadly, HFS turns a classical heat field into a practical interface for multiscale geometric analysis in modern point-cloud learning.