Aug 2026· Journal of human nutrition and dietetics (Print)· Vol 39· 0 citations· 62 references
Medicine
TL;DR
Dietary patterns rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, lean meat, dairy products and unsaturated fats were significantly associated with reduced TC risk, whereas starchy foods, seafood, seaweed, processed meats, instant foods, fast food and Western patterns increased risk.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has significantly increased over the past decades due to a few recognised risk factors. Although the relationship between dietary factors and TC is still not fully understood, emerging evidence suggests that certain dietary habits may influence the risk of developing this type of cancer. This systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023463802) investigated the association between dietary patterns and TC risk using the available evidence. Methods Five databases were searched (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS) for observational studies in adults comparing unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns among individuals diagnosed with TC—between September 2023 and January 2025, without restrictions on language or publication year. Three independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Results Forty‐five studies were included (two cross‐sectional, thirteen cohort and thirty case‐control). A posteriori patterns rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, lean meat, dairy products and unsaturated fats were significantly associated with reduced TC risk, whereas starchy foods, seafood, seaweed, processed meats, instant foods, fast food and Western patterns increased risk. A priori patterns with higher inflammatory potential were also positively associated with TC risk. Most studies demonstrated good methodological quality, according to NOS assessment. Conclusion This systematic review suggests that dietary patterns may be associated with TC risk. Although healthier dietary patterns tended to be associated with a lower risk and pro‐inflammatory or Western‐style dietary patterns with a higher risk, the current evidence remains observational and heterogeneous. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.
PURPOSE
Although tobacco use and occupational exposures are established risk factors for urothelial cancer (UC), the influence of dietary factors remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence from prospective cohort studies examining associations between dietary exposures and UC incidence.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (May 2025) was performed to identify prospective studies evaluating dietary factors with UC incidence. The risk of bias was assessed using standard tools (CRD420251043101).
RESULTS
From 6253 records screened, 32 prospective cohort studies were included, encompassing 2 277 677 participants. Investigated exposures included fluid intake (four studies, n = 562 038), coffee (four, n = 1 013 624), milk (three, n = 613 141), tea (three, n = 532 949), alcohol (three, n = 694 585), fruits (three, n = 597 753), vegetables (three, n = 555 685), protein (two, n = 469 339), fibre (two, n = 466 577), and cruciferous vegetables (two, n = 1 071 313). Only one study specifically assessed upper tract urothelial carcinoma (n = 80 388). Two studies suggested a borderline inverse association between high fluid intake and bladder cancer (BC) risk (upper 95% confidence interval >0.95), whereas two others found no such association. Three of four coffee studies reported no significant association after adjustment for smoking; one reported a modest increased risk. Fruit and vegetable intake showed modest inverse associations with BC risk in three studies. Most included studies were at moderate risk of bias, and residual confounding-particularly by smoking-remains a concern.
CONCLUSION
Available evidence does not support a strong or consistent association between dietary factors and BC incidence. Although a healthy diet is beneficial for overall well-being, patients should be informed that dietary modifications alone are unlikely to meaningfully alter their BC risk.
Keiichiro Miyajima, Marcin Miszczyk, Navid Roessler et al.· BJU International· 0 citations
This study indicates that higher dietary TAC intake is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Jianying Zhou, Hai-Yan Jin, Shan Jing et al.· Frontiers in Nutrition· 0 citations
Adherence to high-quality, nutrient-dense plant-based diets may lower breast cancer risk, and protective associations were stronger in premenopausal women and ER-positive subtypes.
Yiqun Han, Hangcheng Xu, Li Liu et al.· European Journal of Clinical...· 0 citations
Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer is a major global health challenge with multifactorial aetiology. Vitamin D has been investigated for a potential role in gastric carcinogenesis, but evidence remains heterogeneous. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on serum 25(OH)D, dietary vitamin D intake and VDR polymorphisms in relation to gastric cancer in adults and children. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA 2020 standards was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Lens.org for studies published from January 2007 to January 2026. Observational studies evaluating vitamin D exposure or VDR polymorphisms in relation to gastric cancer were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using established instruments. Where comparable data were available, random-effects meta-analyses were performed, with REML estimation and Knapp–Hartung adjustment. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and no eligible paediatric studies were identified. Four studies evaluating serum 25(OH)D showed a non-significant tendency towards lower concentrations in gastric cancer patients (MD = −8.82 ng/mL, 95% CI −18.15 to 0.51). Five studies evaluating dietary vitamin D showed no significant association with gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.47–1.60). Five studies evaluating the VDR FokI polymorphism under the dominant model demonstrated increased gastric cancer susceptibility among variant carriers (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.03–2.01). Conclusions: Associations between vitamin D and gastric cancer varied by exposure type. Serum 25(OH)D and dietary intake showed no significant pooled associations, whereas VDR FokI was associated with increased gastric cancer susceptibility. The absence of paediatric evidence highlights an important knowledge gap.
Roxana Pântea, L. Meliț· Medical Science· 0 citations
A possible protective role for magnesium is supported and potential biases warrant cautious interpretation, and these findings support a possible protective role for magnesium and highlight the need for further large prospective studies.
Essam Rama, Yusef Ibraheem, David Wong et al.· British Journal of Surgery· 0 citations
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