Aug 2026· Frontiers in Nutrition· Vol 13· 0 citations· 48 references
Medicine
TL;DR
This study indicates that higher dietary TAC intake is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Abstract
Background Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested a potential association between the antioxidant capacity of the diet and the risk of breast cancer. Yet, these studies have yielded inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies to ascertain the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and breast cancer risk. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from database inception to May 2026, using predefined keywords to identify the relevant articles. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to pool relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as appropriate. Heterogeneity across studies was estimated using Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistics. Results Nine observational studies (seven case-control and two cohort studies), encompassing 33,981 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Higher dietary TAC intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.76–0.98; P = 0.022). Conversely, each standard deviation increment in dietary TAC intake was not associated with the risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.94–1.02, P = 0.295). Also, the dose-response analysis showed a linear inverse association between dietary TAC and risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.988; 95%CI: 0.981–0.995, Pdose−response=0.001, Pnonlinearity = 0.546). The results of subgroup analyses showed a significant inverse association between dietary TAC and breast cancer in cohort studies, with low heterogeneity (P = 0.174; I2 = 18.9%). Conclusions This study indicates that higher dietary TAC intake is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Further well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of nuts may reduce the risk of hypertension, however, the available data have been limited. Several additional studies have recently been published on the topic. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on nut consumption and hypertension to provide an updated assessment of the evidence. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 4th April 2026 for prospective cohort studies with adjusted relative risk estimates published in the English language on the association between nut consumption and hypertension risk. Random effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between nut consumption and hypertension. We used World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria to assess the strength of the evidence. Eight studies (20,665 cases, x) were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for the highest vs. lowest category of nut intake was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91, I2=50%, pheterogeneity=0.05, n=8) and per 28 g/d was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.89, I2=75%, pheterogeneity<0.0001, n=8). There was no indication of publication bias with Begg's test (p=0.71) or Egger's test (p=0.10) or by visual inspection of the funnel plot. There was some indication of nonlinearity (pnonlinearity=0.07) and there was a 26% reduction in risk when comparing 30g/d vs. 0 g/d. Using WCRF criteria to assess the strength of evidence, we graded the likelihood of causality as probable. In this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, we found further evidence for a reduced risk of hypertension with higher intake of nuts. These findings support dietary guideline recommendations to include a serving of nuts per day.
M. Metoudi, Isabelle Sadler, S. Kassam et al.· British Journal of Nutrition· 0 citations
Background Previous observational studies have investigated the associations between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and endometrial cancer risk; however, pooled quantitative evidence synthesizing healthy dietary patterns and typical healthy foods remains limited. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize available evidence on healthy dietary patterns, typical healthy foods and endometrial cancer risk. Methods Studies published up to February 2026 were systematically identified using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Random- effects or fixed-effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) where appropriate. Heterogeneity across studies was quantified using Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistics. Results Thirty-five articles with a total of 533,828 participants and 17,758 endometrial cancer cases were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest intake of healthy dietary patterns, the highest intake was associated with a 22% lower risk of endometrial cancer (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65- 0.93, P = 0.006).Additionally, the highest intakes of total vegetables (RR = 0.83;95%CI:0.75-0.92, P = 0.001) and whole grains (RR = 0.90; 95%CI:0.84-0.98, P = 0.012) were significantly associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Comparatively, high intakes of fruits and fish showed no statistically significant association with endometrial cancer risk (P>0.05). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that high intakes of healthy dietary patterns, vegetables and whole grains were significantly with a lower risk of endometrial cancer. Further studies, particularly well-designed prospective cohort studies, are needed to confirm these findings.
Jin-Er Chen, Yi-Yi Xu, Ke Zhao· Frontiers in Oncology· 0 citations
Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer is a major global health challenge with multifactorial aetiology. Vitamin D has been investigated for a potential role in gastric carcinogenesis, but evidence remains heterogeneous. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on serum 25(OH)D, dietary vitamin D intake and VDR polymorphisms in relation to gastric cancer in adults and children. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA 2020 standards was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Lens.org for studies published from January 2007 to January 2026. Observational studies evaluating vitamin D exposure or VDR polymorphisms in relation to gastric cancer were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using established instruments. Where comparable data were available, random-effects meta-analyses were performed, with REML estimation and Knapp–Hartung adjustment. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and no eligible paediatric studies were identified. Four studies evaluating serum 25(OH)D showed a non-significant tendency towards lower concentrations in gastric cancer patients (MD = −8.82 ng/mL, 95% CI −18.15 to 0.51). Five studies evaluating dietary vitamin D showed no significant association with gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.47–1.60). Five studies evaluating the VDR FokI polymorphism under the dominant model demonstrated increased gastric cancer susceptibility among variant carriers (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.03–2.01). Conclusions: Associations between vitamin D and gastric cancer varied by exposure type. Serum 25(OH)D and dietary intake showed no significant pooled associations, whereas VDR FokI was associated with increased gastric cancer susceptibility. The absence of paediatric evidence highlights an important knowledge gap.
Roxana Pântea, L. Meliț· Medical Science· 0 citations
Adherence to high-quality, nutrient-dense plant-based diets may lower breast cancer risk, and protective associations were stronger in premenopausal women and ER-positive subtypes.
Yiqun Han, Hangcheng Xu, Li Liu et al.· European Journal of Clinical...· 0 citations
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests that green leafy vegetables (GLV) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship remains incompletely understood due to inconsistencies between findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Therefore, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across study designs is warranted. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between GLV consumption and CVD risk, as well as related cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function, based on evidence from observational studies and RCTs. Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, and Ovid databases were conducted through 30 October 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool for observational studies and the RoB 2 tool for RCTs. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for observational studies, whereas mean differences (MDs) were used for RCT outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed, and heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. Results: Higher GLV consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD in observational studies (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82–0.97; p < 0.01; I2 = 80%; Q = 55.88) and lower CVD mortality (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62–0.97; p < 0.01; I2 = 80%; Q = 4.93). However, pooled analysis of seven RCTs showed no significant improvement in vascular function following GLV intake (MD: −0.37; 95% CI: −1.90 to 1.16; p = 0.64; I2 = 88%; Q = 18.59). No significant associations were observed between GLV consumption and hypertension risk in observational studies, nor were significant effects found on systolic or diastolic BP in RCTs. Conclusions: Higher GLV consumption may be associated with a lower risk of CVD in observational studies. However, evidence from RCTs remains limited and inconclusive. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm these associations, establish dose–response relationships, and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of GLVs to support evidence-based dietary recommendations.
Chronic inflammation is a recognized hallmark of cancer. The association between the inflammatory potential of diet and the risk of oral cancer remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this association.
A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed to identify observational studies investigating the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential scores and oral cancer risk. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.
Seven observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that individuals in the highest category of dietary inflammatory potential had a significantly higher risk of oral cancer compared to those in the lowest category (Pooled OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.41–2.62). The continuous analysis indicated that each 1-unit increment in the dietary inflammatory potential score was associated with a 19% increase in oral cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach confirmed the robustness of the pooled estimates.
Our pooled analysis supports an association between dietary inflammatory potential and oral cancer risk. These findings suggest that dietary interventions aimed at reducing inflammation may be a viable strategy for oral cancer prevention.
Bin Li, Jie Chen, Peng-Kui Yu· Frontiers in Oncology· 0 citations
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