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人口で説明した残りは、所得でも地価でも説明できない ── 都道府県による違いのほうが大きい

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Financial Crisis of the 21st Century

Abstract

市区町村にある産業小分類の数は、人口の常用対数でほぼ決まる(R001、R² = 0.925)。本稿は、その残差が所得・地価・人口の増減で説明できるかを調べた。 どれもほとんど説明しない。残差との相関は、1人あたり課税対象所得で r = +0.106(1,721市区町村)、商業地の地価(対数)で r = +0.064(1,352市区町村)、5年の人口増減率で r = −0.082(1,889市区町村)である。所得と地価が両方ある1,186市区町村で、人口だけのあてはめ(R² = 0.9101)に3つを足しても R² = 0.9236 にしかならない(上がり幅 +0.0135)。 一方、都道府県ごとの残差の中央値は −23.4 から +15.0 まで広がる。幅は38.4分類で、残差の標準偏差(25.6分類)を超える。高いのは福井県(+15.0)・広島県(+14.9)・山梨県(+13.5)、低いのは沖縄県(−23.4)・福岡県(−20.7)・神奈川県(−19.3)である。北海道は +1.0 で47都道府県中25位、ちょうど真ん中にあたる。 この論文の位置づけ:新しい理論を主張するものではない。結論は「説明できなかった」という否定的な結果である。これは残差の使い道を狭めるのではなく、はっきりさせる。残差は住民の富の水準を言い換えたものではない。低い側に神奈川県・福岡県が並ぶのは、分析の単位が政令指定都市を区に分けていることと関係する可能性があるが、本稿では確かめていない。商業地の標準地が無い市区町村は地価の分析から外れ、欠けは小さな市区町村に偏っている。残差が正だから豊か、負だから機会がある、とは言えない。 作成にあたって:本稿の着想と内容は、著者自身の考察に基づくものです。文章の構成整理や英訳、集計に用いたスクリプトの作成には AI(大規模言語モデル)の助力を得ました。最終的な内容の解釈や誤りがあれば、それらはすべて著者の責に帰します。お気づきの点があれば、ご教示いただければ幸いです。 ----- The number of industrial subcategories present in a municipality is almost fully determined by the common logarithm of population (R001; R² = 0.925). This paper asks whether the residual can be explained by income, land prices or population change. None of them explains much. Correlations with the residual are r = +0.106 for taxable income per taxpayer (1,721 municipalities), r = +0.064 for commercial land price in logs (1,352), and r = −0.082 for the five-year rate of population change (1,889). Among the 1,186 municipalities having both income and land price, adding all three to the population-only fit (R² = 0.9101) raises it only to R² = 0.9236, a gain of 0.0135. By contrast, the median residual by prefecture ranges from −23.4 to +15.0, a spread of 38.4 subcategories that exceeds the residual standard deviation of 25.6. Highest are Fukui (+15.0), Hiroshima (+14.9) and Yamanashi (+13.5); lowest are Okinawa (−23.4), Fukuoka (−20.7) and Kanagawa (−19.3). Hokkaido is +1.0, ranking 25th of 47 — exactly in the middle. Scope of this paper: no new theory is claimed. The finding is negative: the residual was not explained. This does not narrow the usefulness of the residual but clarifies it — the residual is not a restatement of residents' wealth. That Kanagawa and Fukuoka sit near the bottom may relate to the unit of analysis splitting designated cities into wards, but this is not tested here. Municipalities without a commercial standard site drop out of the land-price analysis, and the missingness is concentrated among small municipalities. A positive residual does not mean prosperity, nor a negative one opportunity. Acknowledgement: The ideas and content of this paper stem from the author's own considerations. Assistance from an AI (a large language model) was used for structuring, English translation, and writing the scripts used for the tabulation. Any remaining errors or misinterpretations are solely the author's. Feedback and corrections are sincerely appreciated.

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