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#diffusion models Open access

Paper 24B: Admissibility-Limited Light and Apparent Galaxy Mass Deficits Conditional Mass Corrections, Spectral Readout, and SPARC Tests

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

Abstract

Holosphere transport models distinguish local admissibility from observer-visible light de-livery. This paper gives that distinction a quantitative, conditional galaxy test. A boundedreaction–diffusion gate preserves admissibility between zero and one, while an explicitly assumedobservation map relates intrinsic emissivity to delivered intensity. For fixed gas mass, stellarmass-to-light ratio, and an adopted baryonic mass–speed relation, the stellar visibility fractionrequired by a velocity excess is derived exactly. The calculation measures a requirement, not thepresence of a physical gate. A non-identifiability result separates gray suppression from intrinsicemissivity, and a spectral-centroid identity shows that uniform suppression leaves a measuredline velocity unchanged; velocity bias requires selective weighting. A fresh analysis of the publicSPARC tables covers 175 galaxies and 3,391 curve points. Catalogued flat speeds are availablefor 135 systems, of which 88 have positive central residuals under the declared mass convention.A specified Monte Carlo calculation propagates shared distance errors, total flat-speed errors,photometry, stellar conversion, gas flux, and reference scatter without counting inclination uncer-tainty twice. Scenario comparisons expose dependence on the adopted mass–speed calibration;their probabilities are conditional propagation results rather than probabilities of a physicalgate. Under the reference assumptions, 21 of 135 objects have at least 95 percent of draws onthe suppression-feasible side; shifting the shared reference normalization changes that count.The Paper 21B shape family is separately refitted and its tail labels retained only as descriptivequantities. Complete source and a Windows runner reproduce the algebraic checks, cataloguediagnostics, curve fits, information criteria, matched validation, and uncertainty propagationwithout importing results from another paper. The resulting tests connect the proposed visibil-ity mechanism to independent constraints on stellar populations, gas, spectral weighting, andgravitational response.

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