HFpEF in Asia Distinct Phenotypes, Shared Mechanisms, and Emerging Insights

HFpEF in Asia-Clinical Characterization and Therapeutic Strategies.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) prevalence is increasing in Asia, driven by aging populations and rising cardiometabolic risk. Asian patients with HFpEF present a decade earlier than Western counterparts, carry a disproportionate burden of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and visceral adiposity...

Sex Differences in HFpEF: Mechanisms, Manifestations, and Therapeutic Target Identification

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome that accounts for more than half of heart failure cases and disproportionately affects older women. Biological sex is a key determinant of HFpEF, influencing epidemiology, comorbidity profiles, cardiac structure, clinical outcomes, and t...

CKM: Epidemiology, current clinical implications and future burden.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome was formalized by the American Heart Association in 2023 to capture the biological and clinical continuum linking excess adiposity, metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Population-based studies indicate that CKM stage ≥1 af...

Circulating C-peptide as an independent predictor of HFpEF: influence of cardiometabolic risk beyond diabetes.

Novel blood biomarkers for heart failure mortality: mechanistic pathways, aging biology, and risk stratification

Heart failure (HF) is a major global health burden associated with high mortality after decompensation, particularly in older patients with multimorbidity. Although established biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides remain essential for initial risk stratification, they capture only a fraction of mortality risk in bio...

From Pathobiology to Prescribing in Obesity-Driven HFpEF: A Systematic Review and Practical Therapeutic Framework.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly driven by obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. In this phenotype, the dominant biology extends beyond congestion alone and includes visceral and epicardial adiposity, systemic inflammation, impaired myocardial energetics, endothelial dysfunction...