Generative AI Makes Creative Output More Homogeneous

Abstract

Does using generative AI make creative outputs more homogeneous? As creative practice increasingly involves using generative AI, concerns have emerged that creative outputs may become more homogeneous across users, even when individual creativity improves. We address this concern through a systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies on homogenization in human–AI co-creation (19 studies, 61 effect sizes). Results reveal a small but statistically significant homogenization effect associated with AI use (d =.334). The effect is robust across sensitivity analyses and not explained by publication bias. Rather than indicating a loss of creativity, the findings suggest a reorganization of creative diversity in human–AI co-creation. The results highlight that gains in individual creative performance may coexist with reduced diversity at the collective level.