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small language model

3,445 papers

#small language model Open access Aug 2026

From Sim to 6DOF: Deep Learning for Real-Time Satellite Pose Estimation from Resolved Ground-Based Imagery

This work presents the first complete system for automated six degrees of freedom (6DOF) satellite pose estimation from spatially resolved, ground-based, adaptive optics (AO)-corrected imagery, addressing a key challenge in Space Domain Awareness (SDA). The approach mitigates the need for human labeling by directly reg...

Thomas J. Dickinson, Dawson Friesenhahn, Justin Fletcher et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Evaluation of Small and Large Language Models for Calculation of the ASA Score and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Orthopedic Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Concordance Analysis

Among the six evaluated model configurations, GPT-5.2 achieved significantly higher agreement with the clinician-derived composite reference than the other tested models for both ASA-PS and CCI in post hoc paired analyses with multiplicity correction.

Marco di Maio, G. Stopper, Vincenzo Di Matteo et al. · 0 citations
#graph neural networks Review Aug 2026

Deep Learning for Polymer Informatics: A Critical Analysis of Representations, Architectures, and Evaluation Practices

It is argued that realizing deep learning’s full potential requires not only architectural innovation but also domain-aware representations that encode the statistical ensemble nature of polymers, evaluation protocols aligned with discovery scenarios, and physically grounded inductive biases.

Nassima Aleb · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Retrieval Granularity as Evidence Design in Small-Model RAG Question Answering: A Diagnostic HotpotQA Study

Results align with a diagnostic perspective on chunking: using evidence at a task-appropriate level of granularity can improve grounding, auditability, and answer quality, but the observed patterns should be interpreted within the HotpotQA distractor setting, fixed generator, and tested context budgets.

Wei-Mao Ke, Li-Xia Yang, Meng-Yang Xu · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

FroLineR: Front-Line Response with Retrieval-Augmented Prompt-Engineered Reply Generation for IT Help Desks

IT help desks at large organizations face a high volume of recurrent, well-documented user requests that nevertheless require human-written replies, creating a persistent staff workload that is repetitive in content but non-trivial in tone and procedural correctness. We present FroLineR, short for Front-Line Response,...

Alexandru Dima, Marian Mihailescu, Darius Mihai et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Interprofessional Education Experience, Self-Rated Knowledge, and Perceived Interprofessional Collaboration Among Health Professions Faculty and Educators: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study in Albania and Italy

Self-reported prior IPE experience showed a clearer and more consistent association with perceived collaboration than did the single-item measure of self-rated IPE knowledge, whose association was small and less consistent across domains.

Viktorija Xharra, Rosario Caruso, Florian Spada et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Open access Nov 2026

A comparative review of modern large language model paradigms: GPT-4, BERT, Gemini, and DeepSeek

Comparison of GPT-4, BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers), Gemini, and DeepSeek large language models (LLM), focusing on architectures, training methodologies, and real-world applications reveals GPT-4 excels in natural language generation and complex reasoning, supporting up to 128K tokens wi...

Kavish Sanghvi, Aparna S. Sharma, Surbhi Hooda · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

LifeSciBench: Evaluating Language Models on Realistic, Expert-Level Tasks in the Life Sciences

LifeSciBench is introduced, a benchmark of 750 expert-authored tasks designed to evaluate whether language models can handle realistic life science research work, with each constituent task paired with a human expert-written rubric.

Amelia Liu, Andrew Ho, A. Droste et al. · 5 citations · ⚡1

An Explicit Interaction-Prompted Diffusion Framework for High-Fidelity 3D Molecular Generation.

Current structure-based drug design generative models often struggle to faithfully recapitulate genuine ligand-protein binding interactions. Instead, under the coupling of implicit learning architectures and biased training data, they tend to learn spurious statistical correlations. To address this, we propose EIP-Diff...

Huabin Du, Mingyang Wang, M. Luo et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

A Proof‐of‐Concept Study of Language‐Stratified Assessment for Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: Integrating the Animal Naming Test and Serum IL‐6

It is suggested that primary spoken language may be associated with ANT1 performance in MHE assessments and Integrating ANT1 with serum IL-6 showed numerically improved discrimination in Mandarin speakers, whereas exploratory demographic calibration of S-ANT1 showed a numerically higher AUROC in Taiwanese Hokkien speak...

Hsin-Che Lin, Cheng-Jen Chen, Tsung-Han Wu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Quality, consistency, and clinical safety of AI-generated versus clinician-written clinical notes: a multi-country paired simulation study

In this simulation, AI-generated notes scored higher on documentation quality, varied less, and carried fewer clinically significant errors than notes written on the same consultations by junior-to-middle-grade clinicians.

H. Bergman, V. Liu, B. Austin et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Review Aug 2026

Brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke.

Overall, the certainty of evidence was low to very low, downgraded primarily for these risk of bias concerns, severe imprecision (due to small sample sizes), and potential publication bias.

Yu Qin, Mei-Xuan Li, Yan-fei Li et al. · 0 citations

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