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small language model

3,445 papers

#natural language process... Book Open access Aug 2026

Caduceus: MoE Foundation Models for Unifying Biological and Natural Language

This paper introduces Caduceus, a family of MoE-enhanced foundation models built with a hierarchical pre-training paradigm to jointly integrate biological and natural language, and incorporates a multi-task instruction tuning phase, enabling robust protein parsing and natural language question answering.

Mingze Yin, Yiheng Zhu, Jialu Wu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Aug 2026

Balancing and Beyond: Communication-Centric Optimizations in Expert Parallelism

EPIC mitigates imbalance via performance-aware expert migration and runtime expert activation, and then improves communication with topology-adaptive transport kernels and fine-grained computation-communication overlap.

Jia-Min Cao, Qingxu Li, Yaozhong Liu et al. · 2 citations · ⚡1
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Structured Driving-State Narratives for Small Language Model-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection

The presented framework can detect and classify GNSS spoofing attacks in real-time while requiring relatively low computational and memory resources, and is therefore suitable for deployment on resource-constrained vehicular computing platforms.

Abyad Enan, Sagar Dasgupta, Mizanur Rahman et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Aug 2026

Evaluating Link-level Lossless Mechanisms in AI Networks

Evaluation results show that, while these mechanisms consume a small amount of link bandwidth, CBFC can greatly reduce receive buffer utilization, and LLR can substantially mitigate network performance degradation caused by packet corruption.

Kefei Liu, Ruixue Wang, Tianrun Jiang et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Multi-Granularity Sentiment Integration for LLM-Based Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

MGSI first encodes audio and visual streams at short-, medium-, and long-range temporal scales, preserving both local variations and global affective trends, and applies polarity- and intensity-aware enhancement to better handle ambiguous and near-neutral samples.

Shanshan Lin, Yuesheng Wu, Chao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Translate, Search, or Answer: Cost-Aware Cross-Lingual Retrieval for Kazakh Small Language Models

This work systematically compares zero-shot parametric generation, in-language retrieval, and cross-lingual (translate-then-retrieve) web search using three 4B-parameter SLMs in both reasoning and non-reasoning modes and proposes a training-free, self-aware router that uses majority voting over repeated self-verificati...

Akylbek Maxutov, Nūrali Medeu, Vladimir Albrekht et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Factors influencing the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 / programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer

Current evidence supports PD-L1 as the most widely implemented biomarker, but no single factor adequately captures the biological and temporal heterogeneity of treatment response, so integrated, dynamic, and context-specific biomarker models are required to improve precision immuno-oncology.

Long-Hua Lu, Ze-Yang Zeng, Zi-Qi Guan et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Using multimodal foundational models to predict neoantigen immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness across different tumor types

This work is the first to use a multi-modal foundation model for neoantigen vaccines, overcoming the tumor-type-specific constraints of conventional approaches and facilitating joint modelling of immunogenicity and clinical efficacy, thereby offering an AI decision engine for precision cancer vaccine design that is app...

Gang Liu, Jia Wang, Jia Zhu · 2 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Communicating Credit Risk with Large Language Models: Evaluation of Explanations from Standard and Alternative Data-Based Models

This work examines whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can serve as explanation layers that translate post-hoc explanation artefacts into stakeholder-appropriate risk narratives and discusses implications for the governance of risk models, including deployment considerations and the value of domain-aligned LLMs in reg...

Sahab Zandi, Noah Kostesku, Christophe Mues et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

OVIP-SG: Open-Vocabulary Instance-Preserving Scene Graphs for Mapping and Retrieval of Small, Fine-Grained Objects

OVIP-SG is presented, a unified framework for instance-preserving semantic mapping, functional scene partitioning, and language-guided small, fine-grained object retrieval that outperforms ConceptGraphs under a unified evaluation protocol on Replica.

Tianjing Hao, Hai-Yu Lan, Ang Li et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Developing of Flipbook-Assisted Experiential Learning Media to Enhance Vocational Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking

The findings indicate that anchoring experiential loops within a scannable digital format systematically drives uniform cognitive gains, offering a robust pedagogical vehicle for vocational mathematics education.

A. Yuliani, Aflich Yusnita Fitrianna, Norma Alias · 0 citations

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