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small language model

3,243 papers

#large language models Open access Sep 2026

A Premium Is Not the Expected Loss ── And What Sets the Loading Is Not the Accuracy of the Probability but the Number of Policies ── With one policy, keeping the ruin probability at 1 per cent takes a loading of 23.1469 times the expected loss ── With a million policies it falls to 0.0231 ── The expected loss has not moved by a single unit ── [Paper 383]

It is tempting to think a premium is the probability of loss times its size. This paper asks whether that suffices──the answer is that it does not, and what sets the shortfall is the number of policies. No new mathematical theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new mathematical theorem...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

"Free-Space Loss" Is Not a Loss: The Vacuum Absorbs Nothing ── 92.4478 dB at 1 km and 1 GHz; doubling the distance and doubling the frequency both add the same 6.0206 dB ── the frequency term comes not from space but from the receiving antenna, whose effective area scales as lambda^2 ── at 10 GHz that area is exactly 1/100 ── [Paper 384]

Radio waves are said to suffer a “loss” as the distance grows. This paper asks what is being lost──and the answer is that nothing is lost; what looks like loss is a fact about the receiver. No new theorem or law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem or law is claimed──the Friis transmission formu...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Thinking with Cameras: Active Visual Reasoning via Dynamic Viewpoint Control for Surveillance Video Understanding

This work introduces CamVLM, a new framework for Thinking with Cameras, which enables LVLMs to actively acquire visual evidence through dynamic viewpoint control rather than passively analyzing fixed video streams, and proposes a reinforcement learning based viewpoint policy optimization framework.

Unknown authors · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

RAIDAL: Redundancy-Aware Information Density Active Learning for CTC-Based Continuous Sign Language Recognition

This work repurposes the CTC decoder to restrict representation-based scoring to decoder-aligned gloss regions, rather than exposing the acquisition function to the entire unfiltered video, and introduces RAIDAL, which achieves its strongest data-efficiency gains over competing baselines in large-vocabulary, budget-lim...

R. A. Diniz Augusto, Gabriel L. Oliveira, Erickson R. Nascimento · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

BEFORE THE FLIP: Measuring Hidden Score Shifts In Quantized Vision Language Models Before The Answer Changes for Visual Question Answering

Findings show that compression can alter the scores behind unchanged answers, but do not establish a reliable benefit from adjusting precision for each question, and whether choosing different groups for each question offers benefits beyond shuffled controls is tested.

Sourajit Saha, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Shaswati Saha et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Merging Cyber Threat Intelligence Through Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Small Language Models for Rich Threat Representation

An automated pipeline is proposed that derives an actionable representation of a cyberattack from heterogeneous CTI sources and produces an enriched Attack Graph that captures a coarse, tactic-aligned progression of the attack and annotates each step with explicit pre-conditions and post-conditions, and an enriched des...

Nicola Deidda, L. Regano, Alessandro Sanna et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

PrivEscalate: Measuring and Augmenting the Threat of LLM-Automated Linux Privilege Escalation

PrivEscalate is presented, a large-scale benchmark for Linux privilege escalation, comprising 531 Dockerized scenarios spanning 14 sub-categories and PrivEscalate, a domain-specialized wrapper that augments a generic ReAct agent with deterministic enumeration, category matching, and step planning that improves over pri...

Yi-Xuan Liu, Zi-Long Zhen, Yin Wu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Benchmarking Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary and Fine-Tuned Object Detectors for Underground Mine Personnel Detection

A controlled cross-paradigm benchmark is presented to establish a substantial performance advantage for domain-specific fine-tuning over the evaluated zero-shot approaches and establish a controlled cross-paradigm benchmark for comparing detection paradigms for underground personnel perception.

Unknown authors · 0 citations
#small language model Meta-analysis Open access Sep 2026

Bright light therapy for post-stroke sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Larger, methodologically rigorous trials using standardized light parameters, standardized outcome measures, and direct circadian assessments are needed to clarify the clinical effects of BLT and identify optimal treatment protocols.

Xiao-Lan Tang, Qiu-Ping Gu, Yang Zhan et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Do Risk-Related Words Predict Financial Market Responses? Evidence from Federal Reserve Press Conferences

Federal Reserve press conferences convey policy path information and uncertainty beyond formal decisions. This study tests whether transcript-derived risk language predicts the magnitude of financial market responses after policy surprises and event characteristics enter the model. The dataset contains 93 official pres...

Unknown authors · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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