small language model

ShalDeepDP: A Survey and Comparison of Data Poisoning in Statistical, Classical Deep Learning and Foundation Models

Advances in real-world adversarial threats have heightened concerns over the privacy and security of AI systems. One key threat is Data Poisoning, where malicious data is injected into training sets or model inputs to compromise model behavior. While much of the current research focuses on deep learning, particularly F...

RSEs as trainers – the who, why and how of providing digital research skills training

RSEs often provide training for researchers and dRTPs at their local institution in the digital research skills used in their own work. These courses cover a diverse range of topics, from beginners' language courses, to software architecture and efficiency, to specialised tools and platforms like HPC, AI and domain-spe...

The Impact of Large Language Models on Software Development Productivity: An Empirical Study of AI-Assisted Programming Tools.

Artificial intelligence-assisted programming tools, including GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, Claude Code, and Codex, have been adopted by a majority of professional software developers, driven by claims of substantial productivity gains. However, empirical evidence for these claims is dispersed across studies differing in me...

Correlation Witnesses versus Magic: A k-Resolved Nonstabilizerness Map for SU(2)_k Anyon Fusion Spaces

Standard correlation witnesses — spatial Bell/CHSH inequalities, temporal Leggett–Garg K₃, and KCBS contextuality — are known to detect nonstabilizerness ("magic") in some settings. We report a worked example, a k-resolved nonstabilizerness map of the SU(2)_k anyon braid-representation family, in which a standard tempo...

Drosophila Connectome Topology Provides No Measurable Language- Model Advantage: A Preregistered Negative Experimental Program

The Gyroscope Is Two Orders Too Small to Explain Why a Bicycle Does Not Fall ── The restoring torque required is 68.3765 N. m; the front wheel's gyroscopic torque is 1.2750 N. m ── A gap of 53.6286 ── The two become equal at 965 km/h ── [Paper 359]

A moving bicycle is said to stay up because of the gyroscopic effect of its wheels. This paper asks whether that explanation is the right order of magnitude──the answer is that it is not. No new mathematical theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new mathematical theorem and no new law...

With No Cause at All, the Bottom Rises 1.76 Standard Deviations and the Top Falls 1.76 ── Everyone equally able, both measurements independent, and the bottom decile moves +1.756597 while the top decile moves -1.759617 ── One treatment looks opposite depending on which group was chosen ── [Paper 371]

It is said that drilling the weak improves them and praising the strong spoils them. This paper asks whether that is the effect of the treatment──the answer is that it happens at the same size with no treatment at all. No new mathematical theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new mathe...

A protocol for collaborative research to understand protection, recovery, and resilience after youth suicide attempt in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)

Abstract This article presents a PhD protocol for an Indigenous-led qualitative study exploring protective factors and recovery processes among Indigenous Kalaallit Inuit (Greenlandic Inuit) youth in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) following suicide attempts. The majority of the population in Kalaallit Nunaat is Indigenou...

Two Algebraically Equal Forms Return Answers Differing by 15 Digits ── The smaller root of a quadratic comes out with 0.59 correct digits from the naive form and 16 from the rationalised one ── The cause is that sqrt(b^2-4c) agrees with b to 15.83 digits ── Subtract two near-equals and exactly the agreeing digits vanish ── [Paper 368]

It is tempting to think that mathematically identical formulae return identical answers. This paper asks whether that holds in finite precision──the answer is that it does not, and the gap reaches 15 digits. No new mathematical theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new mathematical the...

Identifying GDPR-Critical Tasks in Business Process Descriptions

Large language models are used to create a new synthetic data set of business process descriptions that supports regulatory compliance decisions by identifying affected tasks, thereby facilitating the targeted implementation of compliance measures.

The "Depth" of Depth of Field Is a Convention, Not a Measurement ── With the same 50 mm lens at the same f/2.8, the hyperfocal distance is 29.8119 m and also 207.6912 m ── What changed is not the equipment but the circle of confusion, which is an agreement ── One set of equipment holds four answers ── [Paper 358]

Depth of field is printed in tables and looks like a property of the lens. This paper asks where that number comes from──the answer is that it comes not from the equipment but from an agreement about when blur becomes visible. No new mathematical theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No n...

RubricAdapt-LLM: Measuring Criterion-Level Adaptation and Score Shifts Under Alternative Grading Rubrics

Background: Large language models are increasingly used for rubric-based grading, but it remains unclear whether they adapt selectively when criterion weights change while the response, criterion definitions, and total score remain fixed. This study examined whether alternative point allocations produce targeted criter...