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12,457 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Co-Evolving Paths and Flows via Path-Flow Alignment

We study path-flow alignment as a unified training objective for flow matching. Instead of fixing the interpolation path and learning only the velocity field, we jointly train an endpoint-preserving path network and a flow network using the same alignment loss: the flow learns to match the path velocity, and the path l...

Zeyu Michael Li, William Xingxu Chen, Xiang Cheng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prediction-powered inference for time series across space

The following motif is common in spatiotemporal settings: we have a sequence of covariate and label pairs observed for a relatively short, recent time period. We have access to unlabeled covariates over a longer time period. Data is observed over many spatial locations. For instance, crop yield might be observed over a...

Shahzar Rizvi, David Burt, Vishwak Srinivasan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Secure Speculative Decoding for Large Language Models

Speculative decoding accelerates inference for a large language model (LLM), referred to as the \emph{target model}, by first using a smaller model, referred to as the \emph{draft model}, to generate candidate tokens and then verifying them with the target model for acceptance or rejection. Prior studies primarily focu...

Yi-Chi Zhang, Zhi-Qi Wang, N. Gong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Steering Diffusion Models to Rare Events with Sequential Monte Carlo

Diffusion models are increasingly used as surrogates for expensive simulators in weather prediction, molecular dynamics, and materials design. In these models, computing the probability $p_0[E]$ of an event $E$ is difficult, especially when the event of interest is rare. A stable estimate using Monte Carlo becomes comp...

Aavash Subedi, Tim Reichelt, Christopher Williams et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SquidAgent: Parallelize Wisely, Coordinate Efficiently

LLM-based agents solve complex multi-step tasks, but sequential execution incurs substantial latency. In principle, parallelizing work across multiple agents should yield near-linear speedups. Yet existing parallel multi-agent systems often run slower than a single-agent baseline. We attribute this gap to two hidden co...

Yexiong Lin, Shanshan Ye, Yu Yao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Feature Information Dynamics in Diffusion

Diffusion models generate data through a continuum of denoising problems, and are widely observed to reveal coarse structure before fine detail. Yet, this intuition is mostly empirical and qualitative. We introduce feature information dynamics, an information-theoretic framework for localizing when a feature is generat...

Jia-Shu Pan, Tao Zhang, Yufei Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

FedDermaSeg: Federated Learning for Dermatological Image Segmentation

Skin cancer is a major global health concern, and early detection and accurate lesion delineation are important for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. Automated skin lesion analysis can assist dermatologists, with lesion segmentation serving as a fundamental step in computer-aided diagnostic systems. Conventio...

Anabik Pal, Ganesh Patidar, Bikash Santra · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RAG-PIBench: A Leakage-Aware Benchmark for Prompt-Injection Detection in Trustworthy RAG Systems

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to prompt-injection attacks embedded in retrieved content. We introduce RAG-PIBench, a benchmark for RAG-style prompt-injection detection containing 4,876 contextual examples across frozen train, validation, and protected-test splits. Using a leakage-aware con...

Niveen O. Jaffal, Ahmet Yuksel, David Mohaisen · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Have I Seen Enough? Frozen Video-Language Models Encode Evidence Readiness

Streaming video-language models must decide not only what to answer, but whether the evidence needed for the current question has arrived. Existing systems learn that decision as a separate trigger; we ask whether an unmodified model already computes it. We show that frozen VideoLLMs carry a linearly readable evidence-...

Dan Ben-Ami, Kobi Cohen, Chaim Baskin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Latent space bias directions in LLMs capture confidence, not fairness

Activation steering has gained popularity as a lightweight inference-time debiasing technique for large language models. However, prior work reports that steering vectors generalise poorly, with unintended effects on model performance and limited transfer to new datasets. Our work analyses what the debiasing direction...

Stephanie Buttigieg, Maeve Madigan, Parameswaran Kamalaruban et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Systemization of Knowledge (SoK): Human-Centered AI Safety for Youth

While HCI increasingly examines AI-safety for youth, the literature lacks a comprehensive view of what risks have been identified, how they are addressed, and whether proposed protections work in-practice. We systematically reviewed 100 empirical HCI studies involving children and youth interacting with or exposed to A...

Pratyasha Saha, Yaman Yu, Yang Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AnyBottle: A Recipe to Only Keep the Concepts You Really Need

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) make predictions inspectable and intervenable by routing them through human-interpretable concepts, but originally required concept annotations. Annotation-free variants remove this requirement, but typically use large concept vocabularies, static at both training and inference, produci...

Wolfgang Stammer, Sukrut Rao, Hevra Petekkaya et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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