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#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Optimal Transport Aggregation for Distributed Mixture-of-Experts

This paper considers the setting in which local Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models are fitted independently on distributed datasets and must be combined into a single global MoE model. Weighted averaging the local mixtures, whose experts are not aligned across machines, often yields a large mixture with many experts inste...

Fa\"icel Chamroukhi, Nhat Thien Pham · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

NeuSE: Neural SE(3)-Equivariant Embedding for Long-Term Object-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

We present NeuSE, a novel Neural SE(3)-Equivariant Embedding for objects, and illustrate how it supports object-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for consistent spatial understanding with long-term scene changes. NeuSE is a set of latent object embeddings created from partial object observations. It se...

Jiahui Fu, Yilun Du, Kurran Singh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Surrogate Substitution Preserves PHI Detectability: A Multi-Detector Equivalence Study

Structure-preserving de-identification replaces each detected identifier with a realistic same-type surrogate ("Anna S." -> "Maria S.") rather than a tag such as [NAME]. If downstream PHI detectors no longer recognise surrogates, hiding-in-plain-sight protection and second-pass safety nets weaken. We ask: on the spans...

Qiming Bao, Sherry J. H. Feng, Kim Chester Eugenio et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Conformal Certification of Reasoning Trace Prefixes

Language model reasoning traces are rarely all-or-nothing; they frequently contain valid intermediate steps before a critical error occurs. Existing uncertainty quantification methods typically certify final answers or entire responses, failing to provide statistical guarantees for the proportion of a sequential trace...

Matt Y. Cheung, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Hanjie Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Energy per Successful Goal: Goal-Level Energy Accounting for Agentic AI Systems

Current AI energy benchmarks measure consumption per model invocation. For agentic systems, where a single user goal may trigger multistep orchestration, tool calls, retries, and failure recovery, the invocation count is an implementation artifact rather than a task property, and per inference normalization misrepresen...

Deepak Panigrahy, Aakash Tyagi, Stephen Abkin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RewardHarness: Self-Evolving Agentic Post-Training

Aligning generative models with human preferences remains a central challenge. While RLHF is widely adopted, it relies on large-scale preference data. This limitation is particularly evident in evaluating instruction-guided image edits, even though humans can often learn such preferences from only a few examples. We pr...

Yuxuan Zhang, Cong Wei, Penghui Du et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mitigating Distribution Sharpening in Math RLVR via Distribution-Aligned Hint Synthesis and Backward Hint Annealing

In reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), challenging math questions whose sampled groups remain uniformly incorrect yield no informative update, letting easier questions dominate actor updates. This imbalance can contribute to distribution sharpening: low-$k$ accuracy improves while problem coverage co...

Pei-Xi Xie, Che-Yu Lin, Cheng-Lin Yang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Causal Identification from Counterfactual Data: Completeness and Bounding Results

Previous work establishing completeness results for counterfactual identification has been circumscribed to the setting where the input data belongs to observational or interventional distributions (Layers 1 and 2 of Pearl's Causal Hierarchy), since it was generally presumed impossible to obtain data from counterfactua...

Arvind Raghavan, Elias Bareinboim · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Simple Baselines are Competitive with Code Evolution

Code evolution is a family of techniques that rely on large language models to search through possible computer programs by evolving existing code. While code evolution pipelines have shown impressive performance across domains, many are highly complex and are typically not compared to simpler alternatives. To prevent...

Yonatan Gideoni, Sebastian Risi, Yarin Gal · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

e1: Learning Adaptive Control of Reasoning Effort

Increasing the thinking budget of AI models can significantly improve accuracy, but not all questions warrant the same amount of reasoning. Users may prefer to allocate different amounts of reasoning effort depending on how they value output quality versus latency and cost. To leverage this tradeoff effectively, users...

Michael Kleinman, Matthew Trager, Alessandro Achille et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Toward Agents That Reason About Their Computation

While reinforcement learning agents can achieve superhuman performance in many complex tasks, they typically do not become more computationally efficient as they improve. In contrast, humans gradually require less cognitive effort as they become more proficient at a task. If agents could reason about their compute as t...

Adrian Orenstein, Jiajing Chen, Gwyneth Anne Delos Santos et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LIFT: Likelihood-Based Intervention Faithfulness Training

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves LLM accuracy on complex tasks, but CoTs are often unfaithful; that is, the model does not rely on the stated reasoning steps to produce its answer. Existing methods to improve faithfulness require human annotations. We propose LIFT, which automatically scores each reasoning ste...

Anand Swaroop, Maheep Chaudhary, Kevin Zhu et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

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