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#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can an Agent Learn to Predict Its Own Failure? Outcome-Grounded Confidence Calibration in LLM Agents

Controlling an acting LLM agent means deciding, at each step of a long-horizon task, whether to trust its next action, abstain, or hand off to a human. That decision needs a per-step confidence signal predicting whether the current rollout will eventually succeed. The agent's own self-reported verbalized confidence is...

Ashutosh Hathidara · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLM Agents for Automated Post-Training via Structured Recipe Optimization

Automated post-training transforms pre-trained large language models (LLMs) into models capable of handling diverse domains by automatically constructing and optimizing a recipe of coupled decisions over data sources, data processing, cross-domain composition, and training configuration under a limited experimental bud...

Ruohong Liu, Bohan Tang, Lekang Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ReTerm: Recovery Training for Self-Improving Terminal Agents

Terminal agents have shown strong abilities in complex coding tasks. However, they often struggle to recover from errors during long-running execution (e.g., command errors, faulty implementations), eventually leading to task failures. To this end, we present ReTerm, a self-improving terminal agent trained by learning...

Wei Xie, Kaituo Feng, Shiming Fu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Neuro-Symbolic Graph Transformers for Hierarchical Intention Recognition from Multimodal Human Activity Sequences

Proactive human-robot collaboration requires autonomous systems to infer not only immediate actions but also the underlying hierarchical intentions governing human behavior. Current deep learning approaches predominantly focus on flat action classification, failing to capture the structural dependencies connecting kine...

Farnaz Soleimani (LISSI), Abdelghani Chibani (LISSI), Yacine Amirat (LISSI) et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ResearchFlow-Eval: Tracing the Execution Gap in End-to-End Multi-Claim Autoresearch

Autoresearch systems increasingly undertake entire research projects. In practice, scientific research requires systems to pursue multiple interdependent claims through a continuous, multi-stage workflow and revise experiments as evidence accumulates. Existing evaluations of autoresearch systems, however, typically sco...

Peng Jiang (Tsinghua University), Dongyang Li (Tsinghua University), Quanying Liu (Southern University of Science et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

WorkRover: Scaling Long-Horizon Cowork Agent Training Via Recursive Environment Evolution

Scaling interactive environments is important for training long-horizon agents through reinforcement learning. These environments often require further testing and refinement after initial generation, and correcting defects in a task may also require updating its work context and verifier. However, existing constructio...

Hang He, Linting Wang, Guanming Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SHELDON: Reasoning through Dual Search over Hypothesis and Observation Spaces

Test-time scaling has enabled LLMs to solve increasingly complex reasoning, discovery, and optimization tasks. However, existing approaches often gather observations while seeking evidence for current hypotheses, then generate new hypotheses conditioned on those hypotheses and their associated evidence. This couples ob...

Harshit Joshi, Priyank Shethia, Monica S. Lam · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

PaceReasoner: Label-Free Learning to Answer Briefly from Long Reasoning

Extended chain-of-thought reasoning improves problem-solving performance but increases inference cost and latency, motivating more accurate answers with shorter reasoning. We introduce PaceReasoner, a label-free test-time reinforcement learning framework that uses a model's LONG responses to improve its SHORT-mode accu...

Chang-Guo Jia, Zhi-You Xiao, Xin-Bei Ma et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Training LLMs for Multi-Agent Collaboration with Verifiable Information Rewards

Effective collaboration among large language model (LLM) agents in multi-agent systems requires sharing relevant evidence, requesting missing information, and incorporating teammates' contributions into decisions. Training these behaviors is challenging because final task outcomes provide limited feedback on the value...

Keru Chen, Sen Lin, Yingbin Liang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Agentic4PDM: Host-Governed Evidence Admissibility for Industrial Fault Diagnosis

We study industrial fault diagnosis as a classification task that assigns sensor time-series windows to predefined health states or fault types. Scarce labels and changing operating conditions make repeated training of specialized classifiers costly. Yet structures such as periodicity, trends, and transients can remain...

Nam V. Nguyen, Hoa Van Truong, D. HieuD et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Evidence-First Agentic Verification

Long-horizon, semi-verifiable agentic tasks often rely on rubric-based evaluation, but the evidence needed to assess these tasks can be spread across the environment state and the execution trace. A judge may overlook this evidence or accept unsupported claims, including an agent's own reports of success. When rubric v...

Reza Sanayei, Razvan-Gabriel Dumitru, Sun-Jie Hou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ECG-RSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through Targeted Electrocardiogram Waveform Evolution

Electrocardiogram (ECG) models need supervision that targets evolving weaknesses and remains faithful to waveform evidence. We introduce ECG-RSI, a recursive self-improvement framework combining verified waveform synthesis with feedback-guided intervention search. Signal remeasurement verifies waveform edits; construct...

Xiaoliang Wang, Zhuo Chen, Chuanyang Zheng et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

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