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machine learning

14,746 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SharedSAE: a unified sparse dictionary across u-net blocks and denoising time for diffusion models

Concept representations in diffusion models drift across network depth and denoising time, yet existing sparse autoencoders offer only per-block or per-timestep dictionaries, leaving no single feature dictionary for localization and intervention in the network. We present Shared Sparse Autoencoder (SharedSAE), which le...

Longhao Lei, Lan Yao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Splicing Hints into Reasoning Traces: Learning from Demonstrator Failures

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves mathematical reasoning when a final answer can be checked, but a correct answer does not certify the derivation behind it, and proof problems offer no answer to check. Replacing the check with a reasoning model as an in-loop verifier faces a fundamental obstacle:...

Hamed Mahdavi (Pennsylvania State University), Pouria Mahdavinia (Pennsylvania State University), Majid Farhadi (Google) et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

GameSmith: Scaling Zero-Sum Self-Play with Synthesised Games

Post-training large language models (LLMs) on two-player zero-sum games provides a verifiable reward, and the gains have been shown to transfer to general reasoning. Existing pipelines, however, rely on a handful of hand-written games and on advantage estimators tied to them, so both the supply of games and the advanta...

Weixian Waylon Li, Jiaxin Zhang, Han Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Posterior Flow Matching

Flow matching learns how to transport noise toward data, but its mean prediction does not directly report the endpoint uncertainty remaining at an intermediate state. This paper introduces Posterior Flow Matching (PFM), a general generative modeling framework that learns conditional velocity means and componentwise var...

Chenrui Ma, Xi Xiao, Lin Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Predict Before You Modify: Learning Improvement Dynamics for Self-Evolving Agents

Self-evolving agents improve through repeated cycles of modification and evaluation. However, existing methods receive feedback on modifications only after costly evaluations, and aggregate scores may obscure distinctions between failures that require different repairs. We introduce predictive self-evolution through an...

Zixuan Xie, Chang Xu, Yuhua Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MRFlow: Mechanism-Structured Residual Flow Matching for Virtual Cell Perturbation Prediction

Predicting cellular responses to chemical and genetic perturbations is a central test for AI virtual cells, yet many single-cell models reduce each condition to an average expression shift. This target is misaligned with perturbation biology: rare states, resistant subpopulations, and context-dependent effect sizes may...

Haojie Yang, Ran Su · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Latent Algorithmic Structure Precedes Grokking: A Mechanistic Study of ReLU MLPs on Modular Arithmetic

Grokking-the phenomenon where validation accuracy of neural networks on modular addition of two integers rises long after training data has been memorized-has been characterized in previous works as producing sinusoidal input weight distributions in transformers and multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). We find empirically t...

Anand Swaroop · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EmoXpt: Analyzing Emotional Variances in Human Comments and LLM-Generated Responses

The widespread adoption of generative AI has generated diverse opinions, with individuals expressing both support and criticism of its applications. This study investigates the emotional dynamics surrounding generative AI by analyzing human tweets referencing terms such as ChatGPT, OpenAI, Copilot, and LLMs. To further...

Shireesh Reddy Pyreddy, Tarannum Shaila Zaman · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MFG: Multi-turn Feedback Guided Molecular Optimization

Multi-objective molecular optimization is a critical process in drug discovery that aims to modify a given molecule to simultaneously improve multiple properties while maintaining a similar overall structure. This process often requires iterative modifications guided by computational or experimental feedback. Recent la...

Trieu Nguyen, Frazier N. Baker, Ruoxi Gao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Who Improves the Robot? Toward Physical Recursive Self-Improvement

Robots are increasingly autonomous in task execution, yet their improvement remains largely human-driven. This study investigates Physical Recursive Self-Improvement (Physical RSI), in which physical experience guides lasting updates to both a robot's capabilities and its improvement procedure, making subsequent improv...

Hai Zhou, Fan Yang, Zeyi Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Knowing the User Is Not Knowing What We Established: Grounding Awareness in Personal Agents

Personal-agent memory has largely focused on learning what users know, prefer, and want. However, knowing the user does not necessarily mean knowing what the user and the agent have established together. An assistant's proposal should not become an authorized instruction merely because it is remembered. We introduce Gr...

Jiajun Chen, Xinyue Chen, Yicheng Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

To Align or Not To Align: Check Your COMPASS Before You Train

Combining pretrained models is a common strategy for building AI systems, whether by aligning a vision encoder with a language model or merging fine-tuned checkpoints. However, finding compatible pairs typically requires costly empirical search, as compatibility is known only after alignment or merging. We propose COMP...

Fabian Gr\"oger, Petar Damjanovi\'c, Maria Brbi\'c · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

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