Police accountability data: United Kingdom, Ireland, United States and Australia

Abstract

Derived, machine-readable datasets on police complaints, stop and search, use of force, police workforce strength and deaths following police contact, for the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States and Australia. Every figure is computed from official open data by code and published with its source, its period and its denominator attached. No figure was written, estimated or rounded by a language model. Where a rate cannot be computed honestly, the row is marked unpublishable with the reason recorded rather than being dropped. New in v1.2.0: denominators. Full-time equivalent officers for all 44 UK forces from the Home Office police workforce tables, and stop and searches per officer per year for 41 of them, running from 1.15 to 14.48 with a median of 2.41. Sworn officers for 205 United States agencies from the FBI Law Enforcement Employees collection, and people killed per 1,000 sworn officers per year for 196 of them, from 0.29 at the NYPD to 17.78 at Redding, California. Ireland is a new jurisdiction: recorded crime for all 21 Garda divisions of the New Garda Operating Model, aggregated from 564 stations in CSO table CJA11, published as counts with no rate because Garda division boundaries do not align to Census areas. Two corrections to our own data in v1.2.0. UK stop and search coverage was understated: British Transport Police is absent from the data.police.uk force list while publishing every month, so 41,350 searches across 36 months were missing, and months first stored as empty were never re-checked although the publisher backfills late submissions, so Humberside rose from 5,688 searches over 13 months to 16,217 over 35. 111 force-months were recovered. Separately, the column complaint_cases_logged shipped with a header and no values in any of the 44 rows in v1.1.x and earlier; it is now filled. Any analysis on v1.1.x is incomplete for three forces on stop and search and has no complaint-case counts. Contents. UK stop-and-search ethnic disparity by police force, computed as each ethnic group's share of recorded searches divided by that group's share of the force area's own resident population, joining data.police.uk to Census 2021 (TS021) via the ONS local-authority-to-police-force-area lookup, with a national summary; UK stop-and-search outcomes by force; UK police workforce and searches per officer by force; UK complaint review outcomes by force, including how often each force's own decision was overturned on review; UK deaths following police contact by IOPC category and by year; Irish recorded crime by Garda division and by offence group; United States police killings by state and by department, 2013 to 2026, including whether any officer was criminally charged and how the prosecution ended, and US police employees with a death rate per 1,000 sworn officers by agency; Australian complaints per 100,000 people and per 100 sworn staff, and deaths in police custody by Indigenous status, for all eight states and territories. Important limitations. A disparity ratio is a measured difference in outcomes, not proof that anyone acted unlawfully, and it does not establish a cause. A recorded complaint is an allegation, not a finding. A review finding a complaint outcome not reasonable and proportionate is a decision about handling, not a finding of fault against any officer. Complaint counts reflect recording practice. The City of London ratio is an artefact of a very small resident population against a large daytime population. Full method and caveats are in METHOD.md. Only aggregates are redistributed. No source's record-level data is republished.