ANALISIS GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DI SD NEGERI

Abstract

Principal leadership plays a strategic role in creating a work environment that supports improvements in teaching quality and teacher instructional performance. In the context of changing demands in education, principals are expected not only to manage schools but also to implement participative and adaptive leadership while providing policies and facilities that address teachers' needs. This study aims to analyze the principal's leadership style, teachers' mastery of basic teaching skills, and the relationship between school leadership policies and teachers' instructional performance at SD Negeri Cibodas 6, Tangerang City. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained from the principal and three Grade V teachers, while secondary data were obtained from school profile documents and the 2024 Education Report Card. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that: (1) the principal applies a democratic-participative leadership style combined with Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership through directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating approaches according to teachers' conditions and readiness; (2) the three teachers demonstrate good mastery of basic teaching skills, including opening and closing lessons, explaining materials using technological support, asking HOTS-based questions, facilitating discussions, managing classrooms, providing reinforcement, and implementing differentiated instruction for small groups and individual learners; and (3) the principal's policies, particularly transparent RKAS management and the provision of digital learning facilities, support teacher creativity, motivation, and workplace comfort. These findings indicate that participative and adaptive leadership, supported by transparent policies and adequate learning facilities, creates a work environment that supports the development of teachers' instructional performance. ABSTRAK Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah memiliki peran strategis dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang mendukung peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dan kinerja mengajar guru. Dalam konteks perubahan tuntutan pembelajaran, kepala sekolah tidak hanya berperan sebagai pengelola sekolah, tetapi juga perlu menerapkan kepemimpinan yang partisipatif dan adaptif serta menyediakan dukungan kebijakan dan fasilitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, penguasaan keterampilan dasar mengajar guru, serta keterkaitan kebijakan kepala sekolah dengan kinerja mengajar guru di SD Negeri Cibodas 6 Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data primer terdiri atas kepala sekolah dan tiga guru kelas V, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen profil sekolah dan Rapor Pendidikan 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kepala sekolah menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis-partisipatif yang dipadukan dengan kepemimpinan situasional Hersey-Blanchard melalui pendekatan directing, coaching, supporting, dan delegating sesuai kondisi dan kesiapan guru; (2) ketiga guru menunjukkan penguasaan keterampilan dasar mengajar yang baik, meliputi keterampilan membuka dan menutup pembelajaran, menjelaskan materi berbantuan teknologi, mengajukan pertanyaan berbasis HOTS, membimbing diskusi, mengelola kelas, memberikan penguatan, serta melaksanakan pembelajaran kelompok kecil dan perseorangan berbasis diferensiasi; dan (3) kebijakan kepala sekolah berupa transparansi pengelolaan RKAS dan penyediaan fasilitas digital mendukung kreativitas, motivasi, dan kenyamanan kerja guru. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan yang partisipatif dan adaptif, didukung kebijakan transparan serta fasilitas pembelajaran yang memadai, menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang mendukung pengembangan kinerja mengajar guru.