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L'IA générative dans le parcours d'achat : opportunités et résistances des consommateurs

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract

Résumé Les outils d’intelligence artificielle générative, notamment les grands modèles de langage, transforment les pratiques marketing en intervenant à plusieurs étapes du parcours d’achat, de la recherche d’information au service après-vente. Contrairement à l’IA prédictive, qui exploite principalement des données existantes pour classer ou anticiper, l’IA générative produit à chaque interaction des contenus nouveaux, textuels, visuels ou conversationnels. Cette spécificité renouvelle simultanément les possibilités de personnalisation de l’expérience client et les interrogations relatives à l’acceptation de ces dispositifs. L’objectif de cet article est triple : identifier les opportunités offertes par l’IA générative à chaque étape du parcours d’achat, analyser les fondements des résistances des consommateurs et proposer un modèle conceptuel intégrateur assorti d’hypothèses testables. Sur le plan méthodologique, la recherche adopte une approche conceptuelle et interprétative fondée sur une revue de littérature structurée. La sélection repose sur trois entrées : parcours d’achat et expérience client, acceptation technologique et résistance des consommateurs à l’innovation. Le corpus comprend quarante-deux sources académiques, professionnelles et institutionnelles publiées entre 1970 et 2025, majoritairement issues de revues à comité de lecture ; plus des deux tiers datent de 2019 ou après. Les travaux retenus ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique visant à relier opportunités, résistances et facteurs modérateurs. Les résultats mettent en évidence des bénéfices liés à la personnalisation, à l’interactivité, à l’engagement et à la simplification de la décision, mais également trois registres de résistance : cognitif, émotionnel et éthique. L’articulation du TAM, de l’UTAUT, de la théorie de la résistance à l’innovation et des travaux sur l’aversion algorithmique conduit à un modèle en cinq blocs et neuf hypothèses. La principale conclusion est que l’acceptation de l’IA générative n’est pas uniforme : elle varie selon l’étape du parcours, la nature hédonique ou utilitaire du produit et la transparence perçue. L’article propose ainsi un continuum allant de l’adoption engagée au rejet, en passant par l’usage hybride homme-IA, et recommande de préserver la complémentarité entre assistance algorithmique et intervention humaine. Mots clés : Intelligence artificielle générative ; parcours d’achat ; résistance des consommateurs ; expérience client ; marketing digital ; acceptation technologique Abstract Generative artificial intelligence tools, particularly large language models, are reshaping marketing practices across several stages of the purchase journey, from information search to after-sales service. Unlike predictive AI, which mainly uses existing data to classify or anticipate outcomes, generative AI produces new textual, visual or conversational content at each interaction. This distinctive feature simultaneously expands opportunities for customer-experience personalization and raises questions about consumer acceptance. This article has three objectives: to identify the opportunities offered by generative AI at each stage of the purchase journey, to analyze the foundations of consumer resistance, and to propose an integrative conceptual model accompanied by testable hypotheses. Methodologically, the study adopts a conceptual and interpretive approach based on a structured literature review. Selection follows three entries: the purchase journey and customer experience, technology acceptance, and consumer resistance to innovation. The corpus comprises forty-two academic, professional and institutional sources published between 1970 and 2025, mainly peer-reviewed journal articles; more than two thirds were published in 2019 or later. The selected works were subjected to thematic analysis linking opportunities, resistance and moderating factors. The findings highlight benefits related to personalization, interactivity, engagement and decision simplification, together with three forms of resistance: cognitive, emotional and ethical. Combining the Technology Acceptance Model, UTAUT, innovation resistance theory and research on algorithm aversion leads to a five-block conceptual model and nine hypotheses. The main conclusion is that acceptance of generative AI is not uniform: it varies according to the stage of the journey, the hedonic or utilitarian nature of the product and perceived transparency. The article therefore proposes a continuum ranging from engaged adoption to rejection, including hybrid human-AI use, and recommends maintaining complementarity between algorithmic assistance and human intervention. Keywords: Generative artificial intelligence; purchase journey; consumer resistance; customer experience; digital marketing; technology acceptance

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