Application of Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) in Nucleic Acid Delivery and Precision Medicine
TL;DR
This article systematically reviews the component design, structural engineering, preparation technologies, clinical applications, and future development directions of LNPs, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for vector development in the era of precision medicine.
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), as a benchmark platform for non-viral vectors, have become a core technology for the delivery of nucleic acid drugs (mRNA, siRNA) and gene editing tools, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, structural designability, and broad payload compatibility. Their development spans over six decades, progressing from early liposomes to innovations in ionizable lipids and further to multifunctional targeted LNPs, gradually establishing a comprehensive technological system encompassing structural design, preparation techniques, functional regulation, and clinical translation. This article systematically reviews the component design, structural engineering, preparation technologies, clinical applications, and future development directions of LNPs, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for vector development in the era of precision medicine.
