IoT and blockchain represent complementary digital solutions capable of transforming food quality assurance and supply chain accountability that demonstrate that IoT‐enabled sensors provide real‐time monitoring of critical factors such as temperature, humidity, storage, and transportation conditions and blockchain offers secure, transparent, and immutable recording of supply chain transactions.
Abstract
This review evaluates the integrated applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies in enhancing food audit systems, authenticity verification, and supply chain traceability, transparency, and data reliability. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar to identify peer‐reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. The search yielded 428 records, of which 112 full‐text articles were assessed and 68 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Findings demonstrate that IoT‐enabled sensors provide real‐time monitoring of critical factors such as temperature, humidity, storage, and transportation conditions, whereas blockchain offers secure, transparent, and immutable recording of supply chain transactions. The integration of these technologies strengthens traceability, accelerates contamination source identification, minimizes food fraud, and enhances regulatory compliance. Despite these benefits, widespread adoption remains constrained by interoperability challenges, data privacy concerns, high implementation costs, and insufficient standardization. The review further highlights the potential of emerging innovations, including artificial intelligence‐driven analytics, smart contracts, and low‐cost sensing technologies, to support automated auditing, proactive risk management, and sustainable food supply chain governance. Overall, IoT and blockchain represent complementary digital solutions capable of transforming food quality assurance and supply chain accountability.
Across the corpus, blockchain is used most often for device authentication, data integrity, access control, traceability, secure data exchange, and distributed trust management.
E. L. Huamani, Erasmo Montufar-Barrientos, Carlos Ponce-Sanchez· international journal of eng...· 0 citations
This study examines the technological, financial, and regulatory obstacles of blockchain-based food traceability and proposes a new architecture called the Dynamic Trust-Weighted Oracle Consensus (DTW-OC) framework, which introduces a reputation-weighted, cross-validated oracle layer that scores every IoT sensor and human data source in real time and feeds that score into block-validator selection.
Shikha Singh· Journal of Intelligent Decis...· 0 citations
The findings indicate that the main trends in blockchain usage include strengthening audit trails, verifying encrypted data, and integration with advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and smart contracts, which enhance audit efficiency, security, and transparency.
Abdul Rasak, Ayu Dhina Anggraeni, Namra et al.· Global Conference on Busines...· 0 citations
Digital transformation has revolutionized supply chain management by enhancing transparency, traceability, and efficiency. This study focuses on improving supply chain visibility through the integration of Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT). Traditional systems face challenges such as data silos, lack of transparency, fraud, and inefficiencies. IoT enables real-time data collection (e.g., location, temperature, and handling conditions), while Blockchain ensures secure, tamper-proof, and transparent data storage. The integration of these technologies allows end-to-end tracking of products and information across the supply chain. Smart contracts automate processes, reducing the need for manual intervention. The study also examines system architectures, consensus mechanisms, and key challenges like scalability, latency, and interoperability. Despite limitations such as high costs and technical complexity, the combined use of Blockchain and IoT significantly improves visibility, trust, and operational efficiency. Overall, this approach offers strong potential for building reliable, data-driven, and transparent supply chain systems.
Patricia S. Wilson, O. Martín· International Journal of Mod...· 0 citations
Food supply chains face increasing challenges related to transparency, traceability, and data integrity. This study proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework integrating the
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and a hybrid GM-PBFT consensus mechanism to ensure secure and efficient data sharing across stakeholders. The proposed system combines on-chain and off-chain storage to reduce blockchain overhead while preserving data immutability. A MobileNetV1-based model is incorporated for product quality assessment. Experimental evaluation using Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum test networks demonstrates improved performance, achieving 99.3% traceability accuracy, 37% faster recall response, and reduced data tampering risk. The results confirm that the proposed approach enhances transparency, scalability, and trust in agri-food supply chains. The proposed system utilizes a hybrid blockchain architecture, combining
Hyperledger Fabric (permissioned blockchain)
for secure enterprise-level transactions and
Ethereum Layer-2 network
for scalability and smart contract execution.
Global supply chains face problems such as poor transparency, unequal access to information, counterfeit products, and weak coordination among stakeholders. These issues reduce efficiency and consumer trust. Blockchain technology, originally developed for cryptocurrencies, has emerged as a disruptive framework for enhancing transparency, trust, and efficiency in supply chain systems. This study examines blockchain's role as a transformative architecture for achieving end-to-end visibility and operational integrity across global supply chains. Through a structured review of literature and comparative case analyses, this research evaluates how decentralized ledgers, smart contracts, and the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) address persistent challenges such as record inconsistency, counterfeiting, and limited stakeholder coordination. Key findings indicate that blockchain ensures provenance tracking, automates workflows, and establishes shared accountability, with significant applications in food safety, pharmaceutical logistics, and luxury goods authentication. Furthermore, the integration of IoT devices and AI algorithms amplifies blockchain's capacity for real-time monitoring and predictive decision-making. Despite challenges of scalability, energy costs, and regulatory uncertainty, this study contributes a conceptual framework that positions blockchain as a scalable, integrable, and privacy-preserving trust infrastructure for global supply networks.
Rishabh Bajpai, Shreya Yadav, Khadim Moin Siddiqui· International Journal of Web...· 0 citations
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