Ensuring food supply chain transparency through blockchain-driven traceability
TL;DR
A blockchain-based traceability framework integrating the InterPlanetary File System, Internet of Things sensors, and a hybrid GM-PBFT consensus mechanism to ensure secure and efficient data sharing across stakeholders is proposed.
Abstract
Food supply chains face increasing challenges related to transparency, traceability, and data integrity. This study proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework integrating the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) , Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and a hybrid GM-PBFT consensus mechanism to ensure secure and efficient data sharing across stakeholders. The proposed system combines on-chain and off-chain storage to reduce blockchain overhead while preserving data immutability. A MobileNetV1-based model is incorporated for product quality assessment. Experimental evaluation using Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum test networks demonstrates improved performance, achieving 99.3% traceability accuracy, 37% faster recall response, and reduced data tampering risk. The results confirm that the proposed approach enhances transparency, scalability, and trust in agri-food supply chains. The proposed system utilizes a hybrid blockchain architecture, combining Hyperledger Fabric (permissioned blockchain) for secure enterprise-level transactions and Ethereum Layer-2 network for scalability and smart contract execution.