Jul 2026· Physiologia Plantarum : An International Journal for Plant Biology· Vol 178· 0 citations· 81 references
Medicine
TL;DR
An efficient tetraploid induction system for Liriodendron hybrid is established and mechanistic insights into polyploid‐enhanced stress adaptation in woody plants are provided.
Abstract
Polyploidization is a key mechanism driving plant evolution, environmental adaptation, and trait improvement. This study investigated the effects of artificial chromosome doubling on growth and freezing tolerance in a Liriodendron hybrid (T × T genotype). Tetraploids were efficiently induced during the liquid suspension stage of somatic embryogenesis using oryzalin, with a maximum induction rate of 33.33%. Compared with diploids, 3‐month‐old tetraploids exhibited compact growth, characterized by increased stem diameter and markedly enlarged leaf area. Tetraploids also showed larger but less dense stomata, enlarged leaf cells, and denser chloroplast organization. Under freezing stress, tetraploids displayed enhanced tolerance accompanied by coordinated transcriptional reprogramming. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment of defense‐related pathways, including plant hormone signaling (JA, SA, and auxin) and MAPK signaling, together with ploidy‐specific calmodulin expression, suggesting Ca2+‐mediated regulation of hormone responses. Tetraploids preferentially upregulated genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin biosynthesis, promoting structural defense and redox homeostasis, whereas diploids showed stronger induction of flavonoid biosynthesis genes associated with rapid antioxidant protection. These transcriptional patterns were supported by physiological measurements, with tetraploids accumulating higher lignin content and enzyme activities, while diploids accumulated more flavonoids. Overall, tetraploids and diploids adopt distinct freezing adaptation strategies. Polyploidization drives coordinated regulation of hormone signaling and secondary metabolism, enabling improved biomass allocation and freezing tolerance. This study establishes an efficient tetraploid induction system for Liriodendron hybrid and provides mechanistic insights into polyploid‐enhanced stress adaptation in woody plants.
P phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses were integrated to elucidate the drought adaptation mechanisms of a gamma-ray-induced mutant wheat line, PL6, alongside its wild-type parent, PL1, demonstrating an effective analytical framework for selection of high-confidence transcripts.
M. Hong, Ryu Jeong Kim, So Jin Park et al.· Agriculture· 0 citations
Polyploidization can generate morphological and physiological variation in plants, but the molecular basis underlying leaf trait changes after genome doubling in grapevine remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to characterize phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic differences between diploid and induced autotetraploid plants of ‘Thompson Seedless’ and to identify biological processes potentially associated with the observed leaf trait variation. In this study, autotetraploid plants were induced from axillary buds of ‘Thompson Seedless’ using colchicine treatment, and ploidy levels were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. Phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed to compare diploid and tetraploid plants. Compared with diploids, tetraploids exhibited enlarged leaves, reduced plant stature, larger but less dense stomata, increased chloroplast number in guard cells, and higher total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Fv/Fm remained unchanged, whereas increased Vj and decreased ψEo and φEo suggested differences in electron transport-related characteristics beyond QA. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1564 differentially expressed genes, and metabolomic profiling detected 618 differentially accumulated metabolites. Integrated analyses highlighted coordinated molecular differences associated mainly with cell-wall processes, secondary metabolism, redox-related functions, and carbon-related pathways. These findings identify candidate biological processes for future functional validation and provide a basis for evaluating the potential value of autotetraploid germplasm in grapevine breeding.
Yuanxu Teng, Lipeng Zhang, Yue Song et al.· Horticulturae· 0 citations
This study investigated the morphoanatomical and molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-mediated reproductive compatibility using a potato (
Solanum tuberosum
L.) and wolfberry (
Lycium barbarum
L.) grafting system. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that heterologous pollination on grafted plants significantly enhanced early reproductive success, achieving an ovary enlargement rate of 35.2% and a cross fruit setting rate of 15.5%. However, anatomical tracking revealed that hybrid embryos underwent progressive abortion starting 12 days postpollination (DPP) and completely aborted by 20 DPP, thereby preventing the formation of viable seeds. To elucidate the underlying molecular triggers, transcriptomic profiling of 4 DPP ovary tissues was conducted. A total 2542 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Further pathway dissection revealed a complex hormonal trade-off: while grafting facilitated early ovary expansion via the localized compensatory activation of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), and abscisic acid (ABA), it subsequently induced profound systemic hormonal imbalances. Specifically, the downregulation of progrowth hormone [IAA, CTK, and gibberellin (GA)] biosynthesis, coupled with the overactivation of ABA-induced precocious senescence and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense stress, collectively disrupted the late embryogenic program. Collectively, this study provides an integrated dataset for understanding how grafting may affect early ovary enlargement and subsequent embryo abortion. The results provide a valuable basis for further exploration of grafting-mediated reproductive compatibility.
Yue Li, Kuan Wang, Ya-Ting Luo et al.· J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.· 0 citations
It is suggested that StuPPO9 confers drought resilience through a multi-layered network involving optimized carbon allocation, reinforced cell wall integrity, and enhanced ROS scavenging capacity.
Ming-Kun Chi, Bo Liu, Heng-Zhao Yang et al.· Plants· 0 citations
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that severely restricts crop productivity. Despite considerable potential, the role of Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 in the molecular responses and root microbiome dynamics associated with salinity tolerance remains poorly understood in sorghum. In this study, T. afroharzianum inoculation alleviated salinity-induced stress by improving chlorophyll content, growth parameters, and nutrient balance, while restricting root-to-shoot Na+ translocation. Split-root experiments showed that T. afroharzianum application to a single root compartment was insufficient to improve whole-plant performance under salinity, whereas inoculation of both compartments restored growth and chlorophyll-related traits. RNA-seq analysis showed the upregulation of genes involved in symbiosis, hormone signaling, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis, accompanied by repression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and senescence in the roots. KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed activation of secondary metabolic pathways involved in stress adaptation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that T. afroharzianum inoculation was associated with shifts in the root bacterial community without significantly altering alpha diversity, while selectively enriching putatively beneficial taxa, including Dyella mobilis, Luteibacter rhizovicinus, and Luteibacter yeojuensis under salinity. In addition, a conserved core microbiome was retained across treatments and was dominated by Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Dyella, and Labrys. Further, Janibacter was identified as a characteristic indicator taxon of T. afroharzianum inoculation, while Streptomyces showed the highest overall indicator value. Multi-omics integration analysis revealed that T. afroharzianum-associated microbial taxa were strongly associated with hormone signaling, redox homeostasis, mineral transport, and secondary metabolism under salinity stress. Particularly, Streptomyces and Luteibacter were the two genera most strongly associated with plant growth traits, whereas Rhizobium and Mucilaginibacter showed stronger positive correlations with tissue Na+ accumulation. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into T. afroharzianum-mediated salinity tolerance in sorghum and highlight its potential as a microbial biostimulant, warranting further validation across diverse sorghum genotypes in field conditions.
Ruby Bagchi, Bishrant Pant, Hong-Liang Wang et al.· Microbiology Research· 0 citations
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