Aug 2026· International Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics· 0 citations· 12 references
Abstract
Concentration of different pollutants such as O₃ , NO₂ , SO₂ , CO, PM₁₀ , and PM2.5 in the atmosphere is called air pollution, which created several challenges in the environment and is considered one of the dangerous phenomenal in the current world, in Afghanistan urbanization in last two decades had significant impact on air quality. There is different source of air pollution in urban areas such as industries, more population, transportation system, less vegetation covers and etc. The main goal of this of this research is to analyze the pollutant levels from 2021 to 2024 in Kabul city by analyzing of six major pollutants including O₃ , NO₂ , SO₂ , CO, PM₁₀ , and PM2.5 and comparing them with national standard and by using the AQI to analyses the air quality. This is a quantitative research; data has been collected from National Environmental protection Agency air quality station based in Darulaman area of Kabul city. Significant annual and seasonal variations in pollutant concentrations were found by the results. O₃ concentrations exceeded the national norm during the winter months, ranging from 14 µg/m³ (June 2023) to 181 µg/m³ (December 2022). Particularly in late 2024, NO₂ and SO₂ exhibited significant peaks, with NO₂ reaching 258 µg/m³ and SO₂ reaching 150 µg/m³, both of which exceeded allowable limits. With maximum readings of 221 µg/m³ and 157 µg/m³, respectively, PM₁ 0 and PM₂ .5 were continuously over national norms for a number of months. According to the analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM₂ . ₅ was the main pollutant affecting the general quality of the air. The AQI rating was at its lowest (79) in September 2022 (Moderate) and at its worst (207) in January 2021 (Very Unhealthy). Seasonal trends revealed that while air quality improved somewhat during some summer months, especially in 2022, it deteriorated during the winter months of November through January. Overall, the results show a trend toward worsening air quality in 2023 and 2024, particularly as a result of particle matter pollution.
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health concern in India, driven by rapid urbanization, industrialization, vehicular emissions, and construction activities. This study presents a comparative analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of five major cities in Maharashtra—Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik, and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad)—using secondary data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). The analysis shows that Mumbai and Pune generally record higher AQI levels due to heavy traffic and industrial activities, while Nashik experiences relatively better air quality. AQI tends to worsen during winter and improve during the monsoon because of seasonal meteorological conditions. The study highlights the need for effective pollution control measures, sustainable urban planning, improved public transport, and continuous air quality monitoring to safeguard environmental quality and public health.
Dr.Gangotri S.Nirbhavane· EPRA international journal o...· 0 citations
One of the biggest environmental issues in cities is air pollution. Over 80% of urban dwellers are thought to be exposed to air pollution levels above the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended limits. This work aims to compare the air quality index (AQI) with the WHO 2014 guideline during 2024 and to determine the sources of air pollution in the study areas, as well as to compare carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Libya with global emissions. The AirVisual Outdoor monitors were used in this work to measure AQI, PM2.5 PM10 and CO2, The finding revealed the AQI in Benghazi city during the February period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3) and in April period was unhealthy (level 4), in Al Byada city was moderate throughout all periods (level 2), the air quality in Zliten city from January to May period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3) and in the air quality in Tripoli city during February period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3). Zliten city is considered the most polluted city due to the lack of infrastructure and afforestation in the city. Based on PM2.5/PM10 ratios, the natural source and coarse particles of pollution were more prevalent in the studied areas. The concentration of CO2 in Libya was approximately 441 ppm, while the global average reached about 444 ppm, indicating that the distribution of CO2 in the atmosphere is nearly uniform worldwide.
F. Fares, Faraj S. Faraj, Antisar M. Elmajbary et al.· Libyan Journal of Science &...· 0 citations
Air pollution is one of the phenomena that has increased with the industrialization of today's world and it can be harmful for all living organisms and plants exposed to polluted air. The city of Kabul with more than five million people is the capital and administrative center of gravity of Afghanistan, who are facing the problem of air pollution. With the arrival of the winter season, this destructive phenomenon has doubled, which increases the air pollution of the city of Kabul and is like a silent killer. The citizens of Kabul have acted and it is causing the gradual death of the citizens of this city. Accordingly, this problem added to the motivation of the research in the field of air pollution in Kabul city in the winter season and caused the researcher to conduct research in this direction, and the purpose of this research was to state the causes of air pollution in the city of Kabul in winter season. The importance of this research is that it is received through this type of research to introduce the pollution factors of Kabul city in winter season, identify its factors, and discuss its adverse effects. The research method is qualitative and is expressed analytically and descriptively, and its sources are collected from books, scientific articles, using internet sites, and sources are collected from relevant departments. The results of research show that polluting factors of Kabul city in winter due to the use of coal, rubber, plastic, wood and old tires to heat houses; Traffic of vehicles, industrial activities, lack of electrical energy, non-standard infrastructure, being surrounded by mountains and natural reduction of air conditioning have caused the air pollution of this city, which brings life and financial risks to the citizens of Kabul city.
Mullajan Rahmani· Scientific Research Jouranl...· 0 citations
Urban areas must develop and implement air pollution-reduction strategies in order to comply with progressively stricter air quality standards. Various measures imposed during the lockdowns associated to COVID-19 pandemic worldwide made the year 2020 an exceptional period for global air pollution: air pollutant emission patterns were significantly and differently altered. Atmospheric pollutant levels varied from the lowest to the highest values. Within this context, present study aim is to emphasize comparatively the changes in major air pollutants’ concentrations PM10, PM2.5, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, SO2, O3 in three important urban centers (Bucharest, Brașov, Iași) in Romania during 2020. The contrast in mass concentrations of major air pollutants in the urban and the suburban areas of above cities has been studied using longitudinal analysis, probability density functions and change point analysis.
The study outcomes extend the knowledge about air pollution at local/regional scale and are of help in designing air pollution control strategies.
G. Iorga, B. Antonescu, George-Bogdan Burghelea et al.· Romanian Journal of Physics· 0 citations
Bangladesh being a developing country in South Asia, is facing the challenge of air pollution for a long time now. The capital city Dhaka stands out within top 3 polluted cities in the entire earth. Inside Dhaka metropolitan area, the slums are often regarded as the most polluted locations. Still these areas are not explored properly in terms of slum-specific air pollution state. Thus, this study measures air pollution at 5 major slum areas of the Dhaka metropolitan area i.e. Shagufta, Bauniabadh, Bhasantek, Korail and Ceramic Bazar through an air quality monitoring system (AQMS) installed in each site for 2025. The collected data include values of particulate matter ((PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10), gaseous substances (CO2, NO2, SO2) and atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity). The collected data was taken into Microsoft excel and cleaning process was performed. Then the data for these variables were grouped by four seasons i.e., summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter and after analysis using RStudio, these were compared among the slum locations. This revealed that Korail, Bhasantek and Ceramic bazar are comparatively more polluted in terms of particulate matter, whereas Shagufta is more polluted by other gaseous traces. The analysis indicates winter as the most polluted season and monsoon as the least. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed the interconnectedness among these variables, where particulate matter exhibited high positive correlation with one another. Principal component analysis revealed particulate matter as the dominant pollutant. Under these circumstances, the study provides slum-specific recommendations e.g., awareness campaign, waste management etc.
Md. Maksudur Rahman, Asmaul Husna Siddique· International journal of res...· 0 citations
Air pollution is an important international challenge due to its increasing impacts both on public health and the environment. The Air Quality Index simplifies the complex data by transforming the parameters into a single numerical value. However, accurately estimating the AQI stays a difficult because of the complicated connections among the pollutants and weather factors. It is aimed in this study to develop predictive models for AQI using statistical modelling, with a concentration on evaluating the influence of weather variables. The data were gained from publicly available government monitoring stations, specifically the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, as well as, the Central Pollution Control Board in Visakhapatnam city. Data period was used for the years 2018–2024. The parameters used are: AQI, SO₂, NOx, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NH₃, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. At a particular air quality monitoring station, additional parameters such as NO, NO₂, CO, O₃, benzene, and toluene were included. Linear, polynomial, and exponential models are the models used for the statistical analysis. The results highlighted that the best model with the best effectiveness and fit is the polynomial model, which gives the best performance, the highest R² values (0.889, 0.937, 0.944, 0.900, 0.931, 0.703, and 0.662) across the studied stations were achieved. These findings can support improved air quality management and public health planning in Visakhapatnam city.
Zeinab Hilal, Gvr Srinivasa Rao· International Journal of Rev...· 0 citations
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