Temporal trends and regional inequalities in oral cancer in Brazil, 2013-2030: An ecological time-series analysis.

Trend and Epidemiological Mapping of Oral Cancer in The State of Ceará from 2017 to 2023: Ecological Time-Series Study

The study revealed both advances and persistent gaps in oral cancer care in Ceará, underscoring the need for a specific observatory to improve monitoring and ensure comprehensive oncological care.

Trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Mongolia, 2014–2024: a population-based analysis of pandemic-related disruptions

Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in Mongolia, where screening coverage is estimated at approximately 38%, well below recommended levels, and access to timely diagnosis varies. This study examined temporal trends in incidence and mortality and assessed the impact of COVID-19–related disruptions on cancer detection. A nationwide population-based study was conducted using data from Mongolia’s national health information system (H-Info). All cervical cancer cases (ICD-10: C53.0-C53.9) and related deaths from 2014 to 2024 were included. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated using the WHO world standard population as reference. Temporal trends were analyzed using log-linear and segmented regression models. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was used as an ecological indicator of population-level cancer outcomes. A total of 3,990 cases and 1,370 deaths were identified. Incidence increased between 2014 and 2016, declined thereafter, and dropped sharply during 2020–2022 (APC −29.4%), before rebounding in 2023–2024. In contrast, mortality declined gradually over the study period. MIR increased during the pandemic and declined following service recovery. Cervical cancer incidence in Mongolia is highly sensitive to disruptions in screening and diagnostic services. Divergent trends between incidence and mortality likely reflect reduced detection during the pandemic rather than true changes in disease burden. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining continuity of cancer screening and diagnostic services during health-system disruptions.

Temporal and Geographical Overview of Cancer Mortality in Alagoas (2001-2022): The Urgency of Care Decentralization

CANCER MORTALITY IN BRAZIL: TEMPORAL TRENDS, CHANGES IN DIAGNOSTIC PROFILE, AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, 2010–2024

Objective: To analyze neoplasm mortality in Brazil according to temporal trends, diagnostic categories of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), sociodemographic characteristics, place of occurrence, and regional differences from 2010 to 2024. Methods: This was a nationwide ecological time-series study using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS). Deaths classified in the ICD-10 neoplasm chapter (C00–D48) were included and grouped into three five-year periods: 2010–2014, 2015–2019, and 2020–2024. Sex, age group, race/skin color, education, marital status, place of occurrence, macro-region, and main diagnostic categories were analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and percentage variation. Results: There were 953,873 deaths in 2010–2014, 1,110,039 in 2015–2019, and 1,228,995 in 2020–2024, representing a 28.84% increase. Malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs remained the leading cause of death, followed by breast, prostate, stomach, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Increases were observed for pancreatic, colon, kidney, multiple myeloma, bladder, and breast cancers. Deaths increasingly concentrated among individuals aged 60 years or older, with greater female participation, proportional growth among Black and Brown populations, and fewer missing records. Regionally, the Southeast maintained the highest absolute burden, while the North, Midwest, and Northeast showed the greatest proportional increases. Conclusion: Neoplasm mortality increased markedly in Brazil, reflecting population aging, epidemiological transition, regional inequalities, and the need to strengthen prevention, screening, early diagnosis, oncology care, surveillance, equity, and health information.

TEMPORAL TRENDS IN PANCREATIC CANCER MORTALITY IN BRAZIL BETWEEN 1980 AND 2023: ARE WE ALIGNED WITH THE GLOBAL PROJECTIONS?

ABSTRACT Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with rising incidence and mortality rates, although its burden remains poorly investigated in Brazil. Understanding its regional and sex-specific trends is critical for tailoring public health interventions and mitigating the disease’s impact in the Brazilian population. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the temporal trends in PC mortality among Brazilian individuals between 1980 and 2023 and its alignment with the global projections. Methods: This retrospective, population-based ecological study analyzed PC mortality data using the Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) and demographic data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Annual Percent Change (APC) calculations were performed to assess temporal trends by Brazilian geographic regions and sex, accounting for demographic shifts over time. Results: A total of 257,671 PC-related deaths occurred during the study period, averaging 5,856 deaths per year. The overall mortality trend for PC in Brazil showed a continuous increase of (APC: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.16-1.32; P-value <0.01). Regional analyses revealed significant increases in the North (APC: 2.32), South (APC: 0.59), and Midwest (APC: 1.45) regions. Sex-specific trends indicated a steady increase for women throughout the period, while men experienced alternating phases of rising and stationary trends. Conclusion: PC mortality in Brazil has risen significantly over the past four decades, with marked regional and sex-specific disparities, aligning with global perspectives. These findings highlight the need for targeted PC prevention, early detection, and equitable access to high-quality cancer care, particularly in vulnerable regions and populations.

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE MORTALITY IN BRAZIL: TEMPORAL TRENDS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE, AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, 2010–2024

Objective: To analyze chronic kidney disease mortality in Brazil according to temporal trends, epidemiological profile, and regional differences from 2010 to 2024. Methods: This ecological time-series study used data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS). Deaths whose underlying cause corresponded to code N18 of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), were included. Data were grouped into three five-year periods and analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and percentage change according to sex, age group, race/skin color, education, marital status, place of death, and macroregion. Results: From 2010 to 2024, 110,375 deaths were recorded, with a 41.46% increase between the first and last five-year periods. Men accounted for more than 57% of deaths, which were concentrated among people aged 60 years or older; this group increased from 72.24% to 77.43%. Black and Brown individuals represented 49.64% of deaths in the last period. Hospitals remained the main place of death, although their share decreased from 85.43% to 80.70%. The Southeast had the largest number, whereas the North showed the greatest proportional increase (88.64%). Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease mortality increased in Brazil, with ageing of deaths, persistent male excess mortality, an increasing share among Black and Brown individuals, and regional differences. The findings indicate the need to strengthen early detection, hypertension and diabetes control, access to nephrology, and integrated care pathways.