Jul 2026· Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi· 0 citations· 3 references
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluates air pollution in Adana, one of Türkiye’s key industrial, urban, and transportation hubs. Using monitoring data from 2023–2025, the concentrations of major pollutants—PM2.5., PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3—were analyzed. The results were compared with standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union (EU), and Türkiye’s national regulations, showing that PM2.5 and PM10 thresholds were frequently exceeded at several stations. A significant finding was that data capture rates remained below 60%, indicating reliability gaps in the monitoring infrastructure and weakening evidence-based policymaking. Primary sources of pollution include coal-fired power plants, the use of low-quality fuels, open burning of agricultural residues, and vehicular emissions. These factors are aggravated by Adana’s geographic and meteorological conditions, such as temperature inversions and low wind speeds, which facilitate pollutant accumulation and increase public health risks. Statistical analyses revealed notable rises in SO2 and particulate matter concentrations during winter due to residential heating, coinciding with higher respiratory illness rates. The study recommends reducing coal dependency, expanding access to natural gas, promoting sustainable transportation, restricting agricultural waste burning, and improving data transparency. The Adana case highlights air pollution as both an environmental and social justice issue.
Least Developed Countries (LDCs), such as Myanmar, experience disproportionately high air pollution burdens due to limited regulatory capacity, inadequate monitoring, and political instability. This study provides a multi-source assessment of air pollution dynamics and potential health impacts in Myanmar, combining ground-based monitoring, satellite observations, and statistical modeling to inform evidence-based policymaking. Ground-based data (2019-2024) from two monitoring stations in Yangon revealed an average PM2.5 concentration of 24.4 μg/m3 (SD = 18.6), with the highest seasonal mean in winter (39.4 μg/m3; November-February). Analysis of particulate matter (PM) components showed high contributions of sulfate (SO42-) in both winter and summer, followed by nitrate (NO3-) in winter and Ca2+ in summer. A health impact assessment estimated that compliance with the WHO PM2.5 guideline (5 μg/m3) could have prevented 2,106 (95% confidence interval 345-3,818) premature deaths (aged ≥ 30) annually in Yangon during 2020-2021. A generalized additive model revealed that relative humidity and wind speed were significantly associated with PM2.5, whereas the daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 showed a limited meteorological association with relative humidity. National daily means of TROPOMI HCHO and NO2 were strongly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.754; p = 0.001), and HCHO/NO2 ratios indicated predominantly NOx-sensitive regimes across Myanmar. These findings suggest that O3 air quality can be substantially improved by reducing NOx emissions. Despite Myanmar's limited data, this study provides a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of air pollution hotspots and their associated health burdens, thereby informing targeted emission control strategies.
May Myint Myat, Hyung Joo Lee· Environmental Pollution· 0 citations
Objective: Over the past decades, US policies intended to reduce air pollution emissions from electric generating units (EGUs), mobile sources (e.g., cars and trucks), and port activities have been implemented to improve air quality. This study aimed to estimate and compare counterfactual air pollution concentrations (i.e., concentrations that would have occurred without these policies) to observed concentrations, and then evaluate the health impacts of such policies in New York City, Los Angeles, and Atlanta from 2005 to 2019. Materials and Methods: We obtained data on respiratory emergency department (ED) visits and cardiovascular disease ED visits that result in hospitalizations for the three cities from 2005-2019. Daily concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), criteria gases [carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3)], and 1-in-3-day measured concentrations of PM2.5 components and PM sources estimated using positive matrix factorization were acquired from six monitoring sites in the three cities. To estimate health impacts of selected EGU, mobile, and port policies we estimated: 1) counterfactual daily pollutant concentrations at each of the 6 city-sites; 2) associations between daily pollutant concentrations and rates of cardiorespiratory visits using city-site specific multi-pollutant Poisson models; and 3) the percent of cardiorespiratory visits prevented by the implementation of the selected policies, through applying observed and counterfactual concentrations to the fitted health models. Results: Air quality policies were estimated to reduce ambient pollutant concentrations across the three cities, with median PM2.5 reductions of 27%-62% due to all policies combined during 2005-2019. Changes in criteria-pollutant concentrations associated with the selected policies were estimated to avert 7.1% (95% UI: 5.4%, 8.9%) of respiratory visits in New York City, 2.4% (95% UI: 1.4%, 3.4%) in Los Angeles, and 4.5% (95% UI: 0.8%, 8.2%) in Atlanta. In addition, 2.6% (95% UI: 0.9%, 4.2%) and 1.2% (95% UI: 0.3%, 2.1%) of cardiovascular visits were averted in New York City and Los Angeles, while the estimate in Atlanta did not indicate cardiovascular visits averted. Conclusion: The selected EGU, mobile-source, and port policies evaluated during 2005-2019 were estimated to reduce ambient pollutant concentrations and avert respiratory visits in all three cities and cardiovascular visits in New York City and Los Angeles.
H. Zhang, H. Chang, Z. Gao et al.· medRxiv· 0 citations
Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractCentral Asian countries face acute air quality challenges, with PM2.5 concentrations in major cities exceeding World Health Organization guidelines several times over, while industrial CO2 emissions continue to rise alongside economic development. Understanding the empirical linkage between these pollutants is essential for designing integrated environmental policies. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of industrial CO2 emissions on PM2.5 air pollution in five Central Asian countries – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan – using balanced panel data for the period 2000–2020 (N = 105) obtained from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects estimators were applied, with GDP per capita, urbanization, and energy intensity as control variables. Model selection was based on the Hausman test, and robustness was verified through ten alternative specifications. The random effects model (Hausman χ2 = 0.412, p = 0.521) reveals a statistically significant positive relationship: a one million metric ton increase in industrial CO2 emissions is associated with a 0.87–0.89 µg/m3 rise in mean annual PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01). The coefficient remains stable across all robustness checks (0.823–0.923). GDP per capita shows a significant negative effect (−1.92, p < 0.05), supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, while energy intensity has a positive effect (p < 0.05). Country-specific effects reveal substantial heterogeneity, with Tajikistan exhibiting the highest baseline PM2.5 (+26.25 µg/m3 above Kazakhstan) and Turkmenistan the lowest (+7.49 µg/m3). These findings confirm the co-pollutant hypothesis and justify integrated climate-air quality policies with country-specific strategies.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve this manuscript.
Sobirjon S. Ruziyev, Hulkar R. Turobova, S. Khomidov et al.· Environmental Economics· 0 citations
Urban air pollution represents one of the most significant environmental health risks worldwide, particularly in rapidly developing urban areas. Epidemiological studies consistently link major air pollutants-including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)-with a range of adverse health outcomes. This study analyzes the health impacts of urban air pollution, with a focus on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and evaluates current prevention and control strategies. The review synthesizes findings from 11 key peer-reviewed studies, including epidemiological analyses, systematic reviews, and policy evaluations, published between 1993 and 2024. The findings indicate that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with a significant increase in the risk of chronic respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and premature mortality. Landmark cohort studies demonstrate a 6-15% increase in cardiovascular mortality per 10 μg/m³ rise in PM2.5 exposures. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are particularly susceptible to these effects. In addition, the synthesis of available evidence highlights that integrated prevention strategies-combining policy measures (e.g., emission standards), urban planning solutions (e.g., green infrastructure, traffic management), and technological innovations (e.g., clean energy, emission control systems)-have proven effective in reducing ambient pollutant levels and associated health burdens.
Dragana Kerkez, S. Nešović, Kristina Filipović et al.· Zbornik radova· 0 citations
Background : Air pollution is a global health threat, triggering respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death. Urbanization, the increasing number of motorized vehicles, and industrial activity exacerbate pollution in densely populated areas. This situation demands an accurate, rapid, and accessible real-time air quality monitoring system to support public health prevention and protection.
Objective: This study aims to review various air quality monitoring technologies that have been developed, and to analyze the benefits of their application in improving public health.
Methods : A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted by collecting and analyzing articles from Google Scholar, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed using the keywords "air quality," "air pollution," "Internet of Things," "public health," and "monitoring".
Results: Literature shows that Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring technology is capable of detecting pollutants such as PM2.5, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ in real time with high accuracy. This system has early warning, is integrated with an Android or web application, and has a sensor accuracy of over 90%. Furthermore, the use of drones and machine learning algorithms has shown promising results in estimating air quality index and supporting public health programs.
Conclusion: IoT-based air quality monitoring technology has proven effective, accurate, and accessible, making it useful in preventing the impact of air pollution on public health. Future developments will focus on improving sensor accuracy, utilizing 5G networks, and integrating cloud-based data for a more comprehensive monitoring system.
Keywords: Environmental Pollutants, Air Pollution, Internet of Things, Public Health, Technology, Machine Learning
Ni Ketut Susilawati, Nurghany, Tiara Wirdadinaka et al.· Journal of Epidemiology and...· 0 citations
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health concern in India, driven by rapid urbanization, industrialization, vehicular emissions, and construction activities. This study presents a comparative analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of five major cities in Maharashtra—Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik, and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad)—using secondary data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). The analysis shows that Mumbai and Pune generally record higher AQI levels due to heavy traffic and industrial activities, while Nashik experiences relatively better air quality. AQI tends to worsen during winter and improve during the monsoon because of seasonal meteorological conditions. The study highlights the need for effective pollution control measures, sustainable urban planning, improved public transport, and continuous air quality monitoring to safeguard environmental quality and public health.
Dr.Gangotri S.Nirbhavane· EPRA international journal o...· 0 citations