2026· Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences· Vol 12, pp. 222-231· 0 citations
Abstract
It is crucial to know the heritable portion of variation as it provides variability component measure for the transmission of characters to the next generation. This study was aimed at the estimation of genotypic variability for agronomic traits in chemically mutagenized groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) genotypes. Although groundnut ranks second among oil seed crops in the world after sun flower and also an excellent source of protein, carbohydrates minerals and antioxidant, the production in Nigeria is constrained by multiple factors including low genetic variability which impact the development of high-yielding varieties. Pot trials were carried out during 2025 and 2026 dry seasons under screen house at the teaching and research field, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Bayero University, Kano. The seeds of the two improved groundnut genotype varieties (Samnut-24, Samnut-25) were collected from Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA) and the two local varieties (’Yar-Gingo and ’Yar-Fara) were collected from Dawanau Market, Dawakin Tofa Local Government Kano State. The experimental design used was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and the seeds of each variety were sorted out and surface sterilized in 2.0% Sodium hypochloride for 1minute and then rinsed. The seeds were soaked in different concentrations of Hydroxyalamine Hydrochloride (0.00mM, 1.0mM, 2.0mM, 3.0mM and 4.0mM) or Sodium Azide (0.00mM, 1.0mM, 2.0mM 3.0mM and 4.0mM) for three (3) hours. The results revealed significant variation among the genotypes. Genotypic (GCV %) coefficient of variation was observed lower than the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV %) for all the observed traits in this study, indicating that the environment significantly affect the expression of the traits. In Samnut-24 genotype, high genetic advance (GA) along with high heritability (H2) were observed in 100 Pod Weight and Biological Yield. Similarly, 100 Pod Weight of Samnut-25 genotype scored highest genetic advance (GA) of (32.95) and heritability (H2) of (61.92%) indicating genetic improvement through direct genotypic selection. It is recommended that, farmers should adopt the use of genotypes with expressed additive gene action developed from variable components for crop improvement.
Purpose: Around the globe, wheat is a significant cereal crop, used for food, feed, and raw materials. The study’s main objective was to examine the diversity and variability of yield and its attributing traits among sixty (60) locally cultivated wheat genotypes of Bangladesh based on genetic analyses to formulate appropriate breeding strategies for further improvements.Research Method: A total of sixty wheat genotypes were evaluated in the field using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to assess ten yield and yield-related parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-studio software to gauge the genetic variance among these sixty wheat genotypes.Findings and Values: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed a high degree of genetic variation. The study indicated that grain production per plant exhibited the highest Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV%), along with significant genetic advance and strong heritability. This suggests that selecting for this trait would be an efficient breeding strategy. Additionally, the number of tillers per plant, grains per spike, grains per plant, and grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlations. Shatabdi, SA-8, and PV-79 genotypes were associated with the highest yields. The work selects promising genotypes with a wide genetic diversity for yield and attributing traits, which can be used for further varietal improvement in Bangladesh.
I. Jahan, S. Muntaha, G. Sagor· Journal of Agricultural Scie...· 0 citations
Onion (
Allium cepa
L.) is the second most commonly produced and consumed vegetable worldwide. In West Africa, high heat and moisture are key constraints for onion productivity during the rainy-season. This study aimed to assess the combining ability, heterosis, and genetic variability of five onion genotypes and 10 F
1
hybrids generated through a half diallel mating design to identify superior parental lines and hybrids adapted to heat and moisture conditions.
The experiment involved five parents: Prema 178, EW001, Violet d’Abéché, Violet de Galmi and AC980. The trials were implemented on station at the World Vegetable Center in Samanko by using a randomized complete block design. Twelve morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits were evaluated.
Analysis of variance showed substantial genetic variability. Significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects indicated that both additive and non-additive gene actions influence key traits. The best general combiner was Parent P1 (Prema 178), which had the best positive GCA effects on plant survival rate (5 and 4.98), plant height (2.36 and 2.53), number of bulbs (5.82 and 3.38), and bulb yield (2.09 and 2.44). The hybrids P4×P5 (Violet de Galmi x AC980) and P1xP5 (Prema 178×AC980) had the most positive SCA effects and the best heterosis values over the midparent (105.26%) and better parent (94.56%) for bulb yield, as well as strong vigor and root growth.
These results demonstrate that the hybrids P4×P5, P1×P5, and P3×P5 are good candidates for multilocation testing in high heat and high moisture prone conditions.
A. Traore, Jean-Baptiste De la Salle Tignegre, Z. Kiébré et al.· Frontiers in Horticulture· 0 citations
A study was undertaken with 20 genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to evaluate 16 quantitative and qualitative traits and 2 biochemical traits to estimate the genetic variability between yield and its components at the Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Among all genotypes, 596 were found promising for both yield and quality traits. Yield showed significant positive correlation with average fruit weight (28.99 g), pericarp thickness (0.37 cm), equatorial diameter of fruits (1.25 cm) and number of fruits (79.63). Formation of 5 clusters in dendrogram show the similarity among different traits. Genotype T-53 recorded the highest acidity (0.395 %) whereas genotype T-20 recorded the highest T.S.S. (8.2 0brix). Genotype 596 recorded the highest yield/1000 sq m (144.27 q)
P. K. Singh, R. Gautam, Zakir Hussain et al.· Progressive Horticulture· 0 citations
Pulses have a vital and diverse role in agricultural systems and the food habits of people around the world. Among them, cowpea is a traditional and important pulse crop. It is a potential source of vegetable protein for the majority of Kerala's population. Crop improvement programmes aim to breed crops for diverse objectives, and developing high-yielding cowpea genotypes is a major and challenging objective in any breeding programme. To identify potential segregants with high yield and yield-contributing characters from an inter-varietal cross of cowpea, an experiment was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Agricultural University during 2023. In this research, the advanced generation of a cross between Vellayani Jyothika, a high-yielding variety susceptible to pod borer, and EC 98668, an exotic germplasm line resistant to pod borer but with low yield, was evaluated for genetic variability and to isolate promising segregants with high seed yield and yield-contributing characters. Parameters such as phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), heritability (H2) and genetic advance (GA) were estimated for nine quantitative characters from 230 plants belonging to 23 families. Grain yield per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height and pod length recorded high PCV and GCV, which indicated the existence of ample variability for these traits in the population; the narrow differences between PCV and GCV indicated a negligible environmental effect on trait expression. Number of pods per plant, plant height, pod length, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant recorded high heritability alongside high GAM. This indicates lower environmental influence and strong, fixable additive genetic variance in trait expression. Segregants with high yield and yield-contributing characters were identified and advanced to subsequent generations.
Anju M. Job, Jiji Jospeh, C. Beena et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most economically and nutritionally significant cereal crops globally, yet its productivity in India remains considerably below the world average, necessitating systematic genetic improvement through the exploitation of available germplasm diversity. The present study was undertaken to morphologically characterise and assess the phenotypic diversity of 184 maize inbred lines derived from three distinct germplasm sources (176 inbred lines and 8 local checks) evaluated during the rabi season of 2024–25 at the Experimental Research Farm, Central Agricultural University, Manipur, India, using an Augmented Block Design. Data were recorded for 23 morphological and agronomic traits encompassing phenological, vegetative, yield component and grain quality characteristics. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic differences for most traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits, with high heritability estimates recorded for most traits, indicating the predominance of additive genetic effects and the effectiveness of direct selection. Phenotypic correlation analysis identified cob weight, kernels per row, rows per cob and test weight as the most strongly associated traits with grain yield per plant. Principal Component Analysis extracted eight significant components with eigenvalues greater than 1.0, cumulatively explaining 76.57 % of the total phenotypic variation, with shelling percentage, kernel traits, plant architectural traits and leaf morphology emerging as the primary contributors across successive components. Hierarchical cluster analysis using grouped the 176 inbred lines into two distinct clusters comprising 66 and 118 genotypes respectively, with germplasm distributed across both clusters. Genotypes V2225-36, V2189-226 and V2225-44 were identified as top-yielding selections, while 118955, LMC-11 and 118449 emerged as promising early maturing donors. The identified superior and genetically divergent genotypes are recommended as elite parents for future hybrid breeding programmes targeting the agro-climatic conditions of northeastern India.
C. A. Himasira, K. Pramesh, S. Dayananda et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
Limited genetic variability remains a major constraint to genetic improvement in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) restricting both its productivity and cultivation in Pakistan. As a drought adapted legume with significant value as fodder, green manure, and a soil-enhancing nitrogen fixer, guar holds considerable untapped potential for sustainable agriculture. Enhancing its genetic base is therefore essential for developing high-yielding, nutritionally superior varieties suited to arid and semi-arid environments. To address this need, a field experiment was conducted in October 2022 at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to assess genetic variability and trait associations among 24 guar genotypes. Five plants per genotype were evaluated for agronomic traits (plant height, branches, tillers, leaves, leaf area, clusters plant⁻¹, pods cluster⁻¹, pods plant⁻¹, fresh and dry biomass) and forage quality attributes (crude protein, crude fiber, ash, moisture, NDF, and ADF), with quality traits quantified via Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Significant phenotypic variability was recorded among genotypes. Plant height ranged from 78–141.2 cm, branches 2.16–10.06, leaves 44.87–330.33, fresh biomass 200–700 g, dry biomass 70–244 g, and crude protein 15.16–23.37%. Plant height showed strong positive correlations with fresh biomass, leaf area, and crude protein, whereas branches and clusters exhibited negative associations. Tillers were positively correlated with several yield components but not with leaf area or protein. Crude protein was positively associated with NDF, ash, and crude fiber. Superior genotypes identified included Guar-401 (plant height), Guar-303 and Guar-701 (number of branches), Guar-102 and Guar-701 (number of leaves), and Guar-103 and Guar-803 (protein). These high performing genotypes provide valuable genetic resources for developing improved guar cultivars with enhanced fodder yield and nutritional quality.
Muaeen Khan, Muhammad Usman, M. T. Mahmood et al.· Journal of Pharma and Biomed...· 0 citations
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