Antioxidant Activity of the Tithonia diversifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Curcuma longa Extract Combination Against Oxidative Stress in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Aug 2026· Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education· Vol 18, pp. 198-209· 0 citations
TL;DR
The TMC combination significantly reduced MDA levels and normalized the NRF2–SOD pathway, with the strongest SOD restoration at P2, and confirmed the role of TMC in strengthening the endogenous antioxidant system.
Abstract
The induction of acute inflammation in the lung tissue is triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of the TLR4 receptor. The combination of Tithonia diversifolia (T), Moringa oleifera (M), and Curcuma longa (C) extracts holds potential for synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous TMC extract combination on reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhancing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) expression in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: negative control, LPS positive control, and three treatment groups receiving varying doses of the combined extract (TMC-1: 500/300/200; TMC-2: 200/500/300; TMC-3: 300/200/500 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally for 14 days, followed by intraperitoneal LPS induction (0.5 mg/kg BW). Extract combination (TMC) significantly mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress in a mouse acute lung injury model. Post-LPS therapy reduced MDA levels dose-dependently (16.96–8.68% vs. LPS 36.52%), restored SOD activity near normal (5.74–13.84% vs. LPS 25.23%), and normalized NRF2 expression (8.68–9.58% vs. LPS 17.11%). The TMC combination significantly reduced MDA levels and normalized the NRF2–SOD pathway, with the strongest SOD restoration at P2 (5.74%). These results confirm the role of TMC in strengthening the endogenous antioxidant system. This study provides scientific evidence for the development of the TMC extract combination as a potential phytopharmaceutical agent to mitigate oxidative stress and support tissue repair in inflammatory conditions such as ALI. Ultimately, this research supports UN SDG 3 (Targets 3.4 and 3.b) by developing an affordable respiratory protective agent, while simultaneously advancing SDG 15 through the sustainable pharmacological utilization of local plant biodiversity.
Pretreatment with PEIV significantly mitigated effects of LPS-induced liver injury by regulating biochemical parameters, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and preserving liver architecture, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for liver diseases.
S. Anadozie, A³ Maryam, Theophilus I. Ebe et al.· Comparative Clinical Patholo...· 0 citations
Background: Synthetic food colorants, including Allura Red (E129), are extensively utilized in ultra-processed foods and have been implicated in inducing oxidative stress, cellular damage, and inflammatory responses.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the protective and immunomodulatory efficacy of an aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaves against Allura Red (E129)-induced nephrotoxicity and inflammation in male albino rats.
Methodology: An experimental study was conducted at the animal house of the College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Iraq from November 2025 to December 2025. The aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaves was prepared at Al-Ameed University. Twenty adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5 per group) and subjected to their respective treatments for a duration of 30 days.
Results: Oral administration of Allura Red E129 alone (Group 2) induced severe nephrotoxicity, evidenced by a significant depletion in serum GSH levels (47.97 ± 1.83) and a marked elevation in MDA levels (37.67 ± 1.06). These biochemical alterations were histopathologically accompanied by glomerular congestion, obliteration of Bowman's spaces, and acute tubular necrosis. Conversely, pre-treatment with A. muricata leaf extract (Group 4) significantly mitigated these damaging effects, restoring GSH levels to 97.92 ± 1.70 and reducing MDA levels to 14.95 ± 0.17.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata exerts potent antioxidant and defensive activities, efficiently suppressing the immune-inflammatory cascades and histopathological alterations induced by Allura Red E129. These findings highlight its therapeutic potential in preserving renal structural and functional integrity.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2026;13(1): 160-165
Mohammed Yahya Al-Yasari, Muhammed W. H. Al-Muhanna· Bangladesh Journal of Infect...· 0 citations
The ethanolic extract of SMS attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages, suggesting effects may be associated with the suppression of inflammatory mediator production, reduction in the cellular oxidative stress burden and modulation of proteins involved in cellular stress responses and antioxidant defense.
Nianshou Zhao, Hongya Li, Peng Ji et al.· Antioxidants· 0 citations
Background: Aniline is an industrial chemical whose reactive metabolites induce oxidative stress and structural damage in splenic tissue, making aniline-induced splenic toxicity in rats a well-established experimental model for evaluating protective interventions. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that may mitigate chemically induced tissue injury. Aim: To investigate the antioxidant-mediated splenoprotective effects of Ethanolic Rosemary Extract (ERE) against aniline-induced splenic toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) and treated for 30 days. Splenic toxicity was induced by oral administration of aniline hydrochloride (50 mg/kg/day). Protective treatment groups received ERE at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day orally, while citric acid (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) served as the reference standard. Physiological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH and CAT), ATPase activity, serum biochemical indices, histopathological changes, and hemosiderin deposition were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Aniline administration produced splenomegaly, excessive iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxidation, impaired antioxidant defences, reduced ATPase activity, and pronounced histopathological alterations including fibrosis and disruption of normal splenic architecture. Treatment with ERE significantly ameliorated these toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Rosemary extract restored antioxidant enzyme levels, reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production, improved ATPase activity, decreased hemosiderin deposition, normalised haematological and biochemical parameters, and preserved splenic histoarchitecture. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) demonstrated the greatest protective efficacy. Conclusion: ERE effectively protects against aniline-induced splenic toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, restoring antioxidant defences, reducing iron accumulation, and preserving tissue architecture, suggesting its potential as a natural splenoprotective agent.
Major Findings: ERE significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, improved haematological indices, reduced splenic iron overload, and preserved splenic histoarchitecture, with the 200 mg/kg dose producing the greatest protective effect.
C. Patil, Durgesh Pagar, Kajal Pansare et al.· Journal of Natural Remedies· 0 citations
S. aethiopicum leaf extract protected against potassium bromate-induced hepatic dysfunction and inflammatory disturbances, supporting its potential as a natural hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory agent.
Okon Victoria Edem, Idam Benedict Umagu, I. Nnah· IAA Journal of Biological Sc...· 0 citations
Thunbergia laurifolia has long been used in traditional medicine for detoxification; however, the biological basis of its detoxifying effects remains poorly understood. This study investigated the detoxifying effects of a phenolic-rich aqueous extract of T. laurifolia using integrated in vitro and in vivo approaches. Caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were used as marker compounds for extract standardization. The aqueous extract was evaluated for antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and apoptosis-modulating activities in vitro, followed by evaluation in a chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress model in vivo. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and maintained acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, the extract induced predominantly early apoptosis, whereas CA and RA induced predominantly late apoptosis. In chlorpyrifos-exposed rats, the extract restored AChE activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and enhanced endogenous antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that attenuation of oxidative stress may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the detoxifying effects traditionally attributed to T. laurifolia.
P. Kunnaja, S. Intatham, P. Khonsung et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 0 citations
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