Oct 2026· Ironmaking & Steelmaking Processes Products and Applications· 42 references
Surface Treatment and Coatings
Abstract
This study investigates the microstructural evolution, boride layer growth kinetics, and activation energy for boron diffusion in AISI 1040 steel borided using a dual-activator medium. Boriding was performed at 1173, 1223, and 1273 K for 2, 4, and 6 h. The phase composition of the boride layers was characterized by X-ray diffraction, while microstructural features were examined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Under all conditions, a characteristic saw-tooth boride layer consisting of FeB and Fe 2 B phases was formed. The minimum layer thickness was 95 ± 8 μm after 2 h at 1173 K, while the maximum reached 265 ± 9 μm after 6 h at 1273 K. The activation energy for boron diffusion, determined using the parabolic growth model, was 133.62 kJ mol −1 . The results demonstrate that dual-activator boriding produces thicker, more homogeneous boride layers and offers an energy-efficient surface modification technique.
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