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GAMBIT: Learning to Plan Continuous Multi-Robot Trajectories

Rishabh Jain Akmaral Moldagalieva Lorenzo Magnino Michael Amir Keisuke Okumura Ajay Shankar Wolfgang H\"onig Amanda Prorok
Oct 2026
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Robotics

Abstract

GAMBIT is an opening chess move in which a player sacrifices a piece, typically a pawn, to gain a positional advantage later in the game. Analogously, in multi-robot coordination, individual robots may need to forgo locally reward-maximising behaviours to improve overall team performance. Such self-sacrificial behaviours are difficult to capture with manually designed heuristics, particularly in dense, interaction-rich environments. Focusing on double-integrator continuous dynamics, this work studies how to learn such coordinated heuristics over motion primitives for multi-robot trajectory execution. Our framework, GAMBIT, first learns coordinated motion-primitive selection through imitation learning and subsequently fine-tunes the policy through reinforcement learning. We further introduce a safeguarded rollout mechanism with backup trajectories that guarantees collision-free execution at all times. Experiments demonstrate that GAMBIT substantially outperforms a range of baselines, including centralised motion planners and decentralised reactive planners, while exhibiting strong scalability. In particular, it coordinates over a thousand robots with planning latency below a few hundred milliseconds in continuous domains.

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