Aug 2026· Scientific Journal of Polonia University· Vol 76, pp. 29-36· 0 citations· 3 references
Abstract
The conducted research shows that participle constructions used in the adverbial function in German are one of the important elements of the verb system and syntactic structure. In particular, participle II forms act not only as an infinitive form of the verb, but also as a functional means that create additional meaning relationships within the sentence. These constructions allow for a more concise and informative presentation of the idea by expressing additional circumstances, causes, conditions, concessions and consequences related to the main action. The research shows that when translating participle II constructions into Azerbaijani, it is not always possible to fully preserve their formal structure. The main reason for this is the differences between the grammatical and syntactic systems of the two languages. Therefore, various transformation methods are used in the translation process. During syntactic transformation, the participle construction is replaced by a broader sentence structure, while during grammatical transformation, various verb forms are used. Lexical and semantic transformations serve to convey the expressed meaning and stylistic nuances in the Azerbaijani language in a natural way. As a result of the research, it was determined that one of the main features of participle II forms is that they express a completed action and the state that has arisen as a result of that action.
The article examines the functional role of English verb tenses in the process of text
construction. The main aim of the study is to show that verb tenses function not only as a grammatical
category but also as an important resource in text organisation, ensuring logical sequencing and
expressing communicative intent. The study analyses the role of verb tenses in the formation of textual
cohesion and coherence based on Systemic Functional Linguistics and discourse analysis
approaches. In particular, it demonstrates how tense selection in different types of texts—especially
narrative and academic styles—influences the presentation of information and its interpretation by
the reader. The analysis is based on a corpus-based qualitative approach and investigates the impact
of tense selection on discourse organisation at both micro (sentence and inter-sentential) and macro
(textual and genre) levels. The results show that verb tenses do not only express temporal relations
but also function as key discourse resources that ensure textual structural integrity, regulate
information flow, and define genre distinctions. At the same time, inappropriate selection of tense
forms may reduce textual clarity and communicative effectiveness. From this perspective, studying
verb tenses within a functional framework is of significant importance for both theoretical linguistics
and practical language use.
A sentence consists of a deep and surface structure that each structure could contain different propositions in which it is used to transfer meanings to the addressee. This study examines the syntactic structure of a song lyric entitled Not Like Us, which was sung by Kendrick Lamar, to analyse the meanings conveyed in the sentences expressed with ungrammatically accepted structure. This research is conducted using a qualitative method where sentences in every line of the lyrics are analysed in terms of the presence and absence of the to-be verb. This study aims to categorize the use of to-be verb in the song Not Like Us and find the implied meaning found in sentences with both the syntactic presence and absence of the to-be verb. This research argues that the absence of the to-be verb is a communicative way to convey a particular meaning, rather than being considered an ungrammatically accepted structure. The result of this study concludes that word arrangement in song lyrics conveys meanings differently depending on the use of English grammar and syntactically unaccepted grammar.
Abstract:Resultative constructions are monoclausal cause-effect constructions involving two constituents, the first of which expresses the manner or process of the event, and the second expresses the result of the action. In serializing languages, resultatives are often analyzed as serial verb constructions where the first element is a transitive verb, and the second element is a stative intransitive verb. However, result states in serializing languages may also be expressed by result adverbials of other non-verb forms, which may appear to some extent verb-like. Resultative constructions therefore raise the problem of distinguishing verb serialization from constructions involving non-verbal elements. We propose three tests to determine the status of relevant forms: a Sole Predicate Test; a Corresponding Semantics Test; and a No Intervening Modifier Test. We trial these tests by applying them to data from Vurës, a language of Vanuatu with resultative constructions that involve a second element with certain verb-like qualities. Our tests provide evidence that only a small subset of Vurës resultative constructions are serial verb constructions. The proposed tests demonstrate that the majority of these resultative constructions are adverbial, not serialized.
This pilot study examines how the English adverb actually is rendered in Slovak translation, drawing on a corpus of literary texts and their translations. As a multifunctional item, actually performs a range of syntactic and pragmatic functions in context, most notably those of emphasizer and disjunct. The analysis draws on three Slovak translations of works by the same English-speaking author. Although each translator worked on a different set of books, the corpus still makes it possible to compare translation strategies within a relatively consistent authorial style and to observe how individual translators deal with the same multifunctional source item. The study combines qualitative functional analysis with quantitative observations in order to identify recurrent Slovak renderings of actually, including lexical substitution, structural reformulation, attenuation, and omission. The findings suggest that translation difficulty arises not from the lack of Slovak expressive resources, but from differences between English and Slovak in the grammatical encoding of discourse-related meaning. In particular, functions expressed in English through sentence adverbials do not always correspond to a single formal category in Slovak, which increases the likelihood of functional shift or translation loss. The study contributes to translation studies and contrastive linguistics by showing how the pragmatic contribution of a frequent multifunctional item may be preserved, reinterpreted, weakened, or omitted in translation, and how these outcomes vary across translators.
Zuzana Knižková· Studies About Languages· 0 citations
In this article we want to investigate in how far these verbal forms differ from each other and in how far they are the same. Indoeuropean languages use conjunctions in order to connect sentences with other sentences or clauses, words which give a certain structure to syntax. In agglutinative languages it is verbal suffixes which are giving a certain structure. They are either paticiples, verbal nouns or converbs, depending on the intention of the speaker. This is also the case in Turkish and Tamil being both agglutinative languages. In this contribution we want to investigate in how far the typological similarity influinces grammatical entities, like the syntax when using suffixes that connect sentences or clauses with each other. At the end of this contribution we want to throw a glance at the oppinion of some scientists that I had a discussion about this topic with. Some linguists think that it is logical that agglutinative languages always have a parallel syntax because of the same system, including grammatical morphemes. At the end of this contribution we want to demonstrate that this is not the case at all.The parallel syntax functions only in those places in which speakers want to express the same content. In order to prove this point just a few examples are enough as the examples demonstrate on first sight the difference in the syntactic structure.
W. Scharlipp· Communication and Linguistic...· 0 citations
This study was motivated by the frequent use of sentences with the verb ada that require structural analysis, with the focus of the study directed toward the syntactic function of these sentences The data, consisting of 194 sentences composed by students in an academic context, were selected purposively and analyzed using a descriptive method based on Verhaar’s theory. The results reveal four constructions: N+Va, Va+N, N+Va+Num, and N+Va+N, with the Va+N construction being the most prevalent; verbs ada are always function as predicates and follow an inverted word order (P–S). These sentences are classified as simple and complex sentences with a variety of structural patterns. Furthermore, a shift in the category of the verb ada to an adverb was observed when it co-occurs with numerals, indicating its adaptability as an active element within numeral phrases, rather than merely a passive component, particularly in graded complex clause. This study demonstrates that the syntactic behavior of verbs ada constitutes a movement of verbs in occupying linguistic units at the syntactic level, namely the movement of verbs within grammatical units such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. The implications of these findings include up-to-date guidelines for teaching scientific sentence structure, analyzing academic discourse, and serving as a lexicographical reference to enrich grammatical information on word classes in monolingual Indonesian dictionaries.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya penggunaan kalimat beverba ada yang memerlukan analisis struktural, dengan fokus kajian diarahkan pada fungsi sintaksis kalimat tersebut. Data berupa 194 kalimat yang disusun mahasiswa dalam konteks akademik dipilih secara purposif dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teori Verhaar. Hasil menunjukkan empat konstruksi: N+Va, Va+N, N+Va+Num, dan N+Va+N, yang didominasi konstruksi Va+N; verba ada selalu berfungsi sebagai predikat dan berpola inversi (P–S). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut terklasifikasi dalam kalimat tunggal dan majemuk bertingkat dengan variasi pola yang beragam. Selain itu, ditemukan pergeseran kategori verba ada menjadi adverbia ketika berdampingan dengan numeralia menunjukkan adaptabilitasnya sebagai unsur aktif dalam frasa numeral, bukan sekadar komponen pasif, terutama dalam klausa kompleks bertingkat. Penelitian ini menujukkan perilaku sintaktis verba ada merupakan gerak verba dalam menempati satuan bahasa pada tataran sintaksis, yakni pergerakan verba pada satuan gramatika frasa, klausa, maupun kalimat. Implikasi temuan ini meliputi panduan mutakhir dalam pengajaran struktur kalimat ilmiah, analisis wacana akademik, serta rujukan leksikografi untuk memperkaya informasi gramatikal kelas kata dalam kamus ekabahasa bahasa Indonesia.
Encep Kusumah, Nunung Sitaresmi, Rudi Adi Nugroho M.Pd. et al.· Tabasa Jurnal Bahasa Sastra...· 1 citation
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