Oct 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract
This paper presents Aegis-Gateway, a reactive perimeter gateway for Large Language Model (LLM) applications that combines prompt inspection, tenant authentication, token-budget enforcement, distributed tracing, and cross-provider failover. Its primary contribution is a formally stated filter-ordering billing invariant: under explicit architectural assumptions, placing the security filter strictly before the token-budgeting filter guarantees zero client-side token deduction for security-rejected requests. The paper also presents a preliminary pilot case study of a two-tier inspection cascade consisting of an in-memory heuristic pre-filter and a dense-vector prototype matcher. The pilot measures inspection latency and threshold-constrained detection behavior, including the impact of remote embedding latency and benign–attack score overlap. Results are explicitly treated as directional and hypothesis-generating because of the small, single-author, single-run, author-curated evaluation. The paper documents the gateway architecture, formal assumptions, experimental methodology, security controls, limitations, and directions for larger independently sourced follow-up studies.
Supporting data, adapters, predictions and code for the article *Low-Cost LoRA Fine-Tuning of Small Language Models for Multi-Step Arithmetic Reasoning* by Jake O'Grady, Asena Isik Gürhan, Chee Fong Ting and Effirul Ramlan (University of Galway). We generated 20,000 GSM8K-derived arithmetic problems with step-by-step s...
O'Grady, Jake, Gürhan, Asena Isik, Chee, Fong Ting et al.· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 465 citations
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