Jul 2026· Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences· Vol 14, pp. 1011-1017· 0 citations
TL;DR
Poor diabetes-related knowledge and inadequate lifestyle modification were significantly associated with uncontrolled HbA1c levels among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Adequate knowledge and lifestyle modification play an important role in achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to determine the association between knowledge and lifestyle modification with control of HbA1c among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Sylhet over a period of 06 months. A total of 150 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were selected by purposive and convenient sampling methods. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire regarding sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, diabetes-related knowledge and lifestyle modification practices. Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1c level. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The majority of patients were male (66.7%) and aged ≤40 years (41.3%). Most patients had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (84.0%). Knowledge regarding HbA1c was low, as only 20.0% knew that HbA1c reflects long-term blood glucose control. Regular physical exercise was reported by 52.7% of patients, while only 13.3% monitored blood glucose regularly. Significant associations were found between controlled HbA1c and knowledge about HbA1c (p=0.004), diabetic diet adherence (p=0.048), regular physical exercise (p=0.021) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (p=0.043). Conclusion: Poor diabetes-related knowledge and inadequate lifestyle modification were significantly associated with uncontrolled HbA1c levels among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major public health challenge in primary care, particularly in rural areas where medication adherence, lifestyle practices, family support, diabetes education, and access to healthcare may affect glycemic control and quality of life. This study aimed to identify determinants of blood glucose stability and examine its association with quality of life among patients with T2DM receiving care at Community Health Centers in West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This quantitative observational analytical study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from January to April 2026 among 362 patients enrolled in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis). Data were collected using structured questionnaires, clinical records, and the Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Medication adherence (OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 2.91–7.66), family support (OR = 3.58), physical activity (OR = 2.89), diabetes education (OR = 2.41), diet (OR = 2.07), and access to healthcare (OR = 1.62) were significant determinants of blood glucose stability. Stable blood glucose was strongly associated with good quality of life (OR = 7.18; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of integrated primary care interventions that strengthen medication adherence, family involvement, lifestyle management, diabetes education, and healthcare access to improve glycemic stability and quality of life among patients with T2DM in rural settings.
Unknown authors· Media of Health Research· 0 citations
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in India. Dietary knowledge and self-management are important for effective diabetes management, yet adherence to recommended dietary practices may remain suboptimal in individuals with long-duration disease. This study assessed lifestyle, dietary knowledge and management practices among middle-aged adults with long-duration T2DM attending a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 participants aged 55-65 years with T2DM for more than five years. Data were collected from January 2023 to February 2023 using a structured interview schedule covering sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, medical management, and dietary knowledge and management. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and descriptive statistics were computed.
Results: Most participants (97.3%) recognized that diet influences diabetes. Awareness of the My Plate Method was 60.0%, while 50.7% recognized low-carbohydrate diets as a management approach. Carbohydrates were correctly identified as the macronutrient most affecting blood glucose by 82.7% of participants. However, 34.6% were unaware of established dietary frameworks, 18.7% considered jaggery a safer sweetener, and 53.3% selected farsan as an appropriate snack. Medication adherence was high (90.4%), while 34.7% reported no physical exercise. Despite good dietary knowledge, practices remained inconsistent with recommendations.
Conclusions: A substantial knowledge-to-practice gap was observed among middle-aged adults with long-duration T2DM. Structured, individualized and culturally sensitive dietary counselling, reinforced through regular follow-up, is needed to improve dietary self-management.
Hema Goenka, R. Mathur· International Journal of Com...· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
Treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes(T2D) is essential for glycemic control and preventing complications. The aim of the present study was to determine the status of adherence behaviors to diabetes treatment and identify sociodemographic factors associated with these behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes in southern Iran.
METHODS
This cross‑sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 among patients with type 2 diabetes attending a diabetes clinic in Bandar Abbas. A total of 396 patients were included using systematic sampling. Data were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic characteristics and five treatment-adherence behaviors, including regular medication use, blood glucose monitoring, physician visits, dietary adherence, and physical activity. Associations between demographic and disease-related factors and the outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, and crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS
Participants (n = 396) had a mean age of 54.4 ± 11.5 years (range: 27-78). Among the treatment adherence behaviors, regular medication use showed the highest level of adherence (86.9%), while regular physical activity had the lowest level (49.7%). In the multivariable analysis, frequent medication use was associated with older age, higher education, higher economic status, and diabetes duration of 6-10 years. Frequent blood glucose monitoring was associated with female sex, older age, and diploma education. Frequent physician visits were associated with older age and longer diabetes duration. Dietary adherence was associated with university education, and frequent physical activity was associated with living alone.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that adherence to treatment among patients with T2Dvaries across different domains and is shaped by individual, social, and clinical factors. It seems that, Lifestyle behaviors such as diet and physical activity are largely influenced by social and environmental contexts, whereas healthcare‑seeking behaviors are more closely linked to disease severity and patients' interaction with the health system.
Zahra Hosseini, Nahid Shahabi, A. Ghanbarnejad et al.· BMC Public Health· 0 citations
The study observed reductions in glycaemic parameters after a nutrition promotion intervention in regulating the blood glucose levels among T2DM patients and supported the importance and effect of customised nutrition counselling and health education in diabetes management to improve glycaemic control.
A. F. Fahhima, I. P. Kumar, B. Nisha· Journal of Clinical and Diag...· 0 citations
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) imposes a profound global health burden, significantly impairing patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), particularly in low- and middle-income, conflict-affected settings like Palestine. Aim: This study aims to investigate the determinants and impacts of glycemic control on QoL among T2DM patients in Palestine, focusing on the satisfaction, impact, and worry domains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 adult patients with T2DM recruited from diabetes outpatient clinics in Palestine. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire encompassing demographic/clinical variables and the Arabic version of the Revised Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (RVDQOL-13). Glycemic control was categorized by HbA1c (≤7% controlled, >7% uncontrolled). Non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H) and Spearman correlations were utilized to identify associated factors and the impact of glycemic control on QoL. Results: The sample had a mean age of 61.17 years, with 54.2% exhibiting uncontrolled glycemia. QoL was moderately impaired (Mean = 3.31), with the "Impact" domain (fatigue and pain) being the most severely affected. Uncontrolled glycemia was a significant independent predictor of worse QoL (Mean Rank = 136.17 vs. 111.78, p = 0.008), corroborated by a positive correlation between HbA1c and QoL scores (rho = 0.209, p = 0.001). Additionally, female gender, physical inactivity, and low monthly income were significantly associated with poorer QoL. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control, female gender, physical inactivity, and low income significantly diminish QoL among Palestinian T2DM patients. Interventions must transcend pharmacological prescriptions to include structured diabetes self-management education, gender-sensitive support, and strategies that overcome contextual barriers to physical activity and self-efficacy.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been on the peak and a major cause of death due it’s complications in recent years. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are at increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Also, microalbuminuria is considered as a leading indicator of diabetic nephropathy. Poor glycemic control accelerates kidney damage, increasing the risk of end-stage renal disease. Identifying the relationship between glycemic control and microalbuminuria is crucial for early intervention and prevention of renal complications. The study aimed to investigate the association of microalbuminuria with glycemic control among type-2 diabetes patients in a regional tertiary hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Biochemistry in Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram from July 2022 to June 2023 among 119 people. The data were collected with face-to-face interview and HbA1c, UACR, BMI and WC were measured. The data were compiled and tabulated according to key variables and analyzed with IBM SPSS 29.0.2.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.2 ± 9.7 years and there was a male predominance (67.2%) in the study. 50.4% had generalized obesity and 69.7% had central obesity. 83.2% had poor glycemic status and 41.2% patients had microalbuminuria. The proportion of microalbuminuria was higher in T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemic status. Duration of diabetes and glycemic status were significantly associated with microalbuminuria.
Conclusion: The study revealed that, frequency of microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetes is increasing in this contemporary era. Poor glycemic control is significantly associated with microalbuminuria in T2DM patients, emphasizing the need for screening of glucose markers and stringent glycemic management to prevent diabetic complications.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 8(2), December 2025; 43-48
Lopa Barua, Salma Akhter, Mirza Nurul Karim et al.· IAHS Medical Journal· 0 citations
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