Effectiveness of a Nutrition Promotion Intervention on Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quasi-experimental Study

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the global health concerns that needs effective management of blood glucose levels to avoid the complications. Nutritional interventions for the control of diabetes mellitus have been promising, yet studies assessing their effectiveness are few. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of nutrition promotion intervention in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM patients Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted from November 2025 to April 2026 among patients with T2DM enrolled from the Non-communicable Disease (NCD) clinic of an Urban Health Centre. A total of 104 T2DM patients were enrolled on the quasi-experimental study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the baseline data. Sociodemographic information, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, was comprehensively gathered. Nutritional health education and a novel nutrition promotion intervention were given to the patients and followed up for 24 weeks. The blood glucose levels and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention period of 24 weeks. Data analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Significance test for the difference between the pre- and postintervention values was conducted using a paired t-test. Results: According to the study, males accounted for 80.77% of the study population, with most of them being employed. The intervention was associated with significant reductions in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) (p=0.001), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBS) (p=0.001) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.001) of the participants significantly improved following the nutritional intervention. Conclusion: The study observed reductions in glycaemic parameters after a nutrition promotion intervention in regulating the blood glucose levels among T2DM patients. The study also supported the importance and effect of customised nutrition counselling and health education in diabetes management to improve glycaemic control.