Factors Determining Blood Glucose Stability in Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their Impact on Quality of Life in West Lombok

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major public health challenge in primary care, particularly in rural areas where medication adherence, lifestyle practices, family support, diabetes education, and access to healthcare may affect glycemic control and quality of life. This study aimed to identify determinants of blood glucose stability and examine its association with quality of life among patients with T2DM receiving care at Community Health Centers in West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This quantitative observational analytical study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from January to April 2026 among 362 patients enrolled in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis). Data were collected using structured questionnaires, clinical records, and the Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Medication adherence (OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 2.91–7.66), family support (OR = 3.58), physical activity (OR = 2.89), diabetes education (OR = 2.41), diet (OR = 2.07), and access to healthcare (OR = 1.62) were significant determinants of blood glucose stability. Stable blood glucose was strongly associated with good quality of life (OR = 7.18; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of integrated primary care interventions that strengthen medication adherence, family involvement, lifestyle management, diabetes education, and healthcare access to improve glycemic stability and quality of life among patients with T2DM in rural settings.