Skip to content
#diffusion models Open access

The Swarm Simulator: A Dynamical Systems Model of Collective Intelligence Using the TO/TOGT Operator Pipeline

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract

The Swarm Simulator: A Dynamical Systems Model of Collective Intelligence Using the TO/TOGT Operator Pipeline Version 3, September 2026 (corrections and formal checks) Pablo Nogueira Grossi, G6 LLC, Newark, NJ. ORCID: 0009-0000-6496-2186Versions: V1 10.5281/zenodo.19208284; V2 10.5281/zenodo.20230613; V3 (this deposit) 10.5281/zenodo.23027566.Series root: 10.5281/zenodo.19117399. Formal-verification hub: github.com/TOTOGT/AXLE. Abstract The Swarm Simulator is a multi-agent dynamical system whose collective state Xt = (It, Ct, Mt, Ft) has four quantities: shared-intent stability, coordination efficiency, type-propagation multiplier and diffusion factor. Four collective operators, motivated by the generative operator pipeline G = U∘F∘K∘C of Topographical Orthogonal Generative Theory (TO/TOGT), govern its evolution. The agent-level pipeline is not formalised in this paper; the collective operators are taken as definitions. Why version 3 Versions 1 and 2 stated a contraction theorem on R4 and a multi-orbit claim of distinct fixed points, and version 1 said that no numerical or unverifiable claims were made. Checking version 2 against Lean 4.32.0 and Mathlib v4.32.0 showed that its Lean file did not compile, that several of its theorems did not concern the swarm map, that Theorem 5.1 as printed is false, and that the two clusters of its multi-orbit figure were not contractive. Version 3 replaces the paper, the Lean file, the simulator and the open-questions table. The V1 and V2 texts are superseded. What version 3 proves Lean 4.32.0, Mathlib v4.32.0, no sorry, axioms propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound only. Write a = ftypes·fagents·(1 − η), c = 1/(1 + D), m = (1 + β·reuse)·avg_quality. No global contraction. The map has no global Lipschitz constant, because Ct+1 = Ct·It+1/(1 + D) multiplies two state variables (no_global_lipschitz). Contraction on a ball. On ‖X‖ ≤ R the Lipschitz constant is λ(R) = max(a(1 + cR), m), which is below 1 for R < (1 − a)/(a·c). For the default parameters the radius is about 3.51 (step_lipschitz_ball, default_radius). Decay. ‖Xt‖ ≤ ρ(R)t‖X0‖ with ρ(R) = max(a, a·c·R, m). The printed bound Lt‖X0‖ holds for ‖X0‖ ≤ 1 and fails from (100, 10, 1) (orbit_nrm_le, paper_bound, printed_bound_fails). Fixed point. The only fixed point of (I, C, M) in the ball is 0, and two clusters that satisfy the ball condition share it (fixed_point_zero, two_clusters). Diffusion. Ft = 1 + αt has no upper bound, so the four-coordinate system has no fixed point (diffuse_unbounded). Shared intent decays as It = I0·at, the same law as a chain of steps that each hold with probability a. What version 3 does not do No empirical calibration: the default parameters are not fitted to data. The multi-orbit claim of distinct fixed points is refuted for this model. A model with a source term would be needed. The agent-level pipeline G = U∘F∘K∘C is not formalised here. Files swarm_simulator_v3.pdf, swarm_simulator_v3.tex: the revised paper, with figures/ SwarmSimulator.lean: the Lean 4 proofs (build with lake build SwarmSimulator) and swarmsimulator.axioms.txt, the axiom report swarm_simulator.py: simulator and figures; python swarm_simulator.py --check runs ten numerical checks of the statements proved in Lean OPEN_QUESTIONS_SwarmSimulator.md and CHANGES_SwarmSimulator_V3.md MSC codes: 37C25, 37D10, 47H10, 68T99. Keywords: swarm simulator, collective intelligence, TO/TOGT, contraction on a ball, fixed point, Lean 4.License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (paper), MIT (code). © 2026 Pablo Nogueira Grossi, G6 LLC.

View source

Similar papers

#computer vision Open access Jun 2016

Software Development in Startup Companies: The Greenfield Startup Model

The results are packaged in the Greenfield Startup Model (GSM), which explains the priority of startups to release the product as quickly as possible, and the need to shorten time-to-market, by speeding up the development through low-precision engineering activities.

Carmine Giardino, Nicolò Paternoster, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al. · 178 citations · ⚡14
#computer vision Open access Oct 2016

Software Startups - A Research Agenda

Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited timeframes and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models.

M. Unterkalmsteiner, P. Abrahamsson, Xiaofeng Wang et al. · 157 citations · ⚡17
#machine learning Review Open access Oct 2016

“Failures” to be celebrated: an analysis of major pivots of software startups

This study conducts a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups, and demonstrates that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types.

Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguyen-Duc et al. · 127 citations · ⚡15
#computer vision Review Open access May 2015

A survey study on major technical barriers affecting the decision to adopt cloud services

The comparison of adopter and non-adopter sample reveals three potential adoption inhibitor, security, data privacy, and portability, which underlines the importance of the technical and security perspectives for research investigating the adoption of technology.

Nattakarn Phaphoom, Xiaofeng Wang, S. Samuel et al. · 111 citations · ⚡8
#computer vision Open access Feb 2018

Lean Internal Startups for Software Product Innovation in Large Companies: Enablers and Inhibitors

This study investigates how Lean internal startup facilitates software product innovation in large companies and identifies its enablers and inhibitors, and shows the potential of the method-in-action framework to investigate the Lean startup approach in non-startup context.

Henry Edison, Nina M. Smørsgård, Xiaofeng Wang et al. · 78 citations · ⚡6
#computer vision Conference Sep 2010

Exploring the Sources of Waste in Kanban Software Development Projects

The application of agile software methods and more recently the integration of Lean practices contribute to the trend of continuous improvement in the software industry. One such area warranting proper empirical evidence is a project’s operational efficiency when using the Kanban method. This short paper takes a new an...

Marko Ikonen, Petri Kettunen, Nilay V. Oza et al. · 67 citations · ⚡9

Related blog posts

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.