Agentic Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Auditable Commercial Registry Analysis

Abstract

Public commercial registries are formally open, yet their practical analysis remains difficult because relevant facts are scattered across millions of records that combine structured metadata, multilingual legal notices, temporal events, and entity aliases. This paper presents a controlled, tool-mediated agentic GraphRAG architecture for auditable natural-language analysis of such registries. The proposed pipeline transforms publications from the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce into a Neo4j knowledge graph comprising over five million nodes and 4.7 million relationships. It combines deterministic ingestion of structured registry fields, LLM-assisted extraction of latent actors from unstructured notices, and a deterministic identity-resolution layer. An analytical agent operates on this graph through intent routing, restricted graph tools, bounded reflection, and state-machine-guided response synthesis. We evaluate the system using a multi-tier protocol covering answer quality, retrieval behavior, entity resolution, and preliminary multi-turn conversational performance. The complete architecture is compared with dense, lexical, and hybrid flat-retrieval baselines and with controlled architectural ablations. On a manually curated 60-question benchmark, graph-mediated retrieval raises the mean Correctness score from 0.26 for the strongest flat-retrieval baseline to 0.83 for the complete system, with comparable improvements in relevance and completeness. Ablation results show that bounded reflection improves answer quality while intent routing and LLM-based graph enrichment improve reliability in difficult entity-resolution tasks. An exploratory dashboard displays the graph evidence and execution traces underlying each response, allowing users to inspect how answers were produced. The transferability of the proposed architecture to other national registries remains to be evaluated.