Application of Artificial Intelligence in Mathematics Teaching and Learning: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Prospects
Abstract
Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing mathematics education through personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, automated feedback, assessment support, and teacher assistance. AI-enabled systems can adapt tasks to learners’ needs, provide immediate feedback, generate practice questions, and help identify misconceptions. Recent reviews suggest that adaptive platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and generative-AI tools can support engagement, self-paced learning, conceptual understanding, and mathematical problem-solving when used under effective teacher guidance.link.springer+1 However, AI is not a replacement for mathematics teachers. Concerns remain about inaccurate AI-generated solutions, student overdependence, privacy risks, unequal access to devices and internet connectivity, algorithmic bias, and limited teacher preparedness. Evidence also remains mixed, particularly because many studies are short-term and report limited standardized measures of learning impact. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of AI in mathematics teaching and learning and proposes a Human–AI Collaborative Framework for responsible, equitable, and pedagogically meaningful implementation.frontiersin+1
