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The Oldest Age a Ring Can Read Is Set Not by the Clock but by Whether the Ring Can Be Seen ── at a resolution of 1 mum, daily rings can be read to 3.0060 years and annual rings to 22.1871 years, a difference of 19.1811 years ── the separator is whether the rings are made by a daily or a yearly cycle, and whether the rings can be seen ── [Paper 656]

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Marine and fisheries research

Abstract

The small stone in a fish's ear (the otolith) carries rings, like the rings of a tree. In young fish one ring a day (daily rings) can be counted, and in grown fish one ring a year (annual rings), and age is read from them. But the slower the growth, the thinner the rings, until the microscope can no longer tell them apart. Where the ring clock stops is counted from a growth curve and the resolution. No new theorem or law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem or law is claimed──the von Bertalanffy growth curve (1938), daily rings in otoliths (Pannella 1971), and the tendency of long-lived fish to be read as younger, requiring validation (Beamish and McFarlane 1983), are all known. This is an example──an otolith radius limit of 3.0 mm, a growth rate of 0.3 per year and resolutions of 1 mum and 0.1 mum are set as an example. Only one misreading is included──only that a ring narrower than the resolution cannot be counted. Misread rings, false rings and seasonal changes in growth are not included. Methods of validating age are not treated──validation by radiocarbon or tagging, and the physiology of otolith formation, are not discussed. Relation to earlier papers: Paper 581 showed that the age at which a forest takes up carbon fastest is not the age at which it holds the most──here the growth rate itself becomes the ring width, and when that falls below the resolution, the age clock stops. What is added is deriving the limits for daily and annual rings in closed form, showing that the difference between them depends neither on resolution nor on size, listing the read age for each true age, and placing the separator on the ring's period and whether it can be seen. First, daily rings are far thinner than annual rings──with an upper radius of 3.0 mm and a growth rate of 0.3 per year, the first daily ring was 2.4641 mum wide and the first annual ring 777.5453 mum (Section 2). Second, and this is the core. The upper limit of the ring clock is set not by the clock's period but by where the ring width falls below the resolution──at a resolution of 1 mum, daily rings could be read to 3.0060 years and annual rings to 22.1871 years. At 0.1 mum the limits were 10.6813 and 29.8624 years, each extended by 7.6753 years (Section 3). Third, daily rings run out a fixed number of years before annual rings──the difference between the limits was 19.1811 years at both 1 mum and 0.1 mum, matching the closed form ln365.25(1-e^-k)/k/k. It depends neither on the resolution nor on the size of the otolith (Section 3). Fourth, fish beyond the limit are read as younger──at a resolution of 1 mum, true ages up to 20 years are read correctly, but a fish of 40 years is read as 23. The counted rings only bound the age from below. The separator is whether the rings are made by a daily or a yearly cycle, and whether the rings can be seen (Sections 4 and 5). The clock of ages read from otolith rings does not stop because its cycle stops. As growth slows, the ring width falls below the resolution and the rings can no longer be told apart; at 1 mum, daily rings ran out at 3.0060 years and annual rings at 22.1871 years. The difference of 19.1811 years depends neither on resolution nor on size, and a tenfold finer resolution extended the limits by only 7.6753 years. A 40-year fish beyond the limit was read as 23──what sets the window of the age clock is not the clock but the reading eye. The separator is whether the rings are made by a daily or a yearly cycle, and whether the rings can be seen. Placed among the earlier papers──the falling growth rate of Paper 581 here stops the clock as the width of a ring. To be honest──this is an example growth curve, and the only misreading included is "too thin to see". On the making of this work: The ideas and content of this work stem from the author's own considerations. Assistance from an AI (a large language model) was used for structuring, English translation, and checking the algebra. Any remaining errors or misinterpretations are solely the author's. Feedback and corrections are sincerely appreciated. Keywords: age determination, otolith, daily and annual rings, von Bertalanffy growth curve, microscope resolution. ----- 魚の耳の中の小さな石(耳石)には、木の年輪のように輪が刻まれる。若い魚では一日に一本の輪(日輪)が、成長した魚では一年に一本の輪(年輪)が数えられ、それで年齢を読む。だが成長が遅くなるほど輪は細くなり、ついには顕微鏡で見分けられなくなる。輪の時計がどこで止まるかを、成長曲線と分解能から数える。新しい定理も法則も主張しない。 本稿の射程(射程注記):新しい定理も法則も主張しない──ベルタランフィの成長曲線(1938)、耳石の日輪(パネラ 1971)、長生きの魚で年齢が若く読まれやすく検証が要ること(ビーミッシュ・マクファーレン 1983)は、いずれも既知である。前提の例である──耳石の半径の上限 3.0 mm、成長の速さ 0.3 /年、分解能 1 mum と 0.1 mum は例として置いた。読み違えは一つだけ入れた──輪の幅が分解能を下回ると数えられない、だけを入れた。輪の読み誤り、偽の輪、成長の季節変化は入れていない。年齢の検証法は扱わない──放射性炭素や標識放流による検証、耳石の形成の生理は論じない。既刊との関係:論文581 は、森が炭素を吸う速さの頂点と、ためる量の頂点が別の林齢にあることを示した──ここでは、成長の速さそのものが輪の幅になり、それが分解能を下回ると年齢の時計が止まる。加えたのは、日輪と年輪の上限を閉じた式で出したこと、二つの上限の差が分解能にも大きさにもよらないことを示したこと、本当の年齢ごとに読んだ年齢を並べたこと、分離子を輪の周期と見えるかどうかに置いたことである。 第一に、日輪は年輪よりずっと細い──半径の上限 3.0 mm・成長の速さ 0.3 /年の前提で、生まれた直後の日輪の幅は 2.4641 mum、1 年目の年輪の幅は 777.5453 mum だった(第2節)。 第二に、これが本稿の芯である。輪の時計の上限は、時計の周期ではなく、輪の幅が分解能を下回るところで決まる──分解能 1 mum で、日輪は 3.0060 年、年輪は 22.1871 年まで読めた。分解能を 0.1 mum にすると 10.6813 年と 29.8624 年で、どちらも 7.6753 年延びた(第3節)。 第三に、日輪は年輪より、決まった年数だけ早く尽きる──上限の差は、分解能 1 mum でも 0.1 mum でも 19.1811 年で、閉じた式 ln365.25(1-e^-k)/k/k と一致した。分解能にも耳石の大きさにもよらない(第3節)。 第四に、上限を越えた魚は、若く読まれる──分解能 1 mum で、本当の年齢 20 年までは読み違えないが、40 年の魚は 23 年と読まれた。数えた輪は、年齢を下から押さえるだけになる。分離子は、輪を作るのが日の周期か年の周期か、そして輪が見えるかである(第4節・第5節)。 耳石の輪で読む年齢の時計は、刻む周期が止まるから止まるのではない。成長が遅くなって輪の幅が分解能を下回ると見分けられなくなり、分解能 1 mum で日輪は 3.0060 年、年輪は 22.1871 年で尽きた。二つの上限の差 19.1811 年は分解能にも大きさにもよらず、分解能を 10 倍よくしても上限は 7.6753 年しか延びなかった。上限を越えた 40 年の魚は 23 年と読まれた──年齢の時計の窓を決めているのは、時計ではなく、読む目である。分離子は、輪を作るのが日の周期か年の周期か、そして輪が見えるかである。既刊との位置──論文581 の落ちていく成長の速さが、ここでは輪の幅として時計を止める。正直に言えば──前提の例の成長曲線で、読み違えは「細すぎて見えない」だけを入れた。 作成にあたって:本稿の着想と内容は、著者自身の考察に基づくものです。文章の構成整理や英訳、数式の確認には AI(大規模言語モデル)の助力を得ました。最終的な内容の解釈や誤りがあれば、それらはすべて著者の責に帰します。お気づきの点があれば、ご教示いただければ幸いです。 キーワード:年齢査定、耳石、日輪と年輪、ベルタランフィの成長曲線、顕微鏡の分解能。

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