Aug 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract
Measured board power, tokens per joule, and electricity cost per million tokens for local large language model inference on a retail NVIDIA RTX 5080. Board power was logged with nvidia-smi at 1 Hz while driving fixed-length generations. Efficiency. Llama 3.2 3B 1.20 tokens/joule; sparse gpt-oss 20B 0.665; Qwen 2.5 7B 0.53; Qwen 2.5 14B 0.317. The sparse 20.9B model is approximately twice as efficient per joule as the dense 14B, indicating that architecture and quantization dominate parameter count on the efficiency axis. Loaded power. Board power medians of 265-344 W against a 448 W stock limit that was never reached, at 82-93% utilization and 49-52 degrees C. Idle finding. Across a week of captures the card idled at 52-71 W at the Windows desktop, pinned in P0 with graphics clocks near 2.9 GHz; the cleanest achievable state still read 53.7 W. Published review figures typically quote single-digit to 15 W idle. At the May 2026 EIA US residential average of $0.184/kWh, 52-71 W continuous is 456-622 kWh, or approximately $85-115 per year before any tokens are generated. Since generation itself costs only $0.04-$0.16 per million tokens, idle behaviour rather than model choice dominates the operating cost of an intermittently used inference node. Includes raw 1 Hz telemetry captures in addition to summary rows. Canonical page, full method and change log: https://techfuelhq.com/data/rtx-5080-llm-power-efficiency/
The results are packaged in the Greenfield Startup Model (GSM), which explains the priority of startups to release the product as quickly as possible, and the need to shorten time-to-market, by speeding up the development through low-precision engineering activities.
Carmine Giardino, Nicolò Paternoster, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· IEEE Transactions on Softwar...· 178 citations· ⚡14
Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited timeframes and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models.
M. Unterkalmsteiner, P. Abrahamsson, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· e-Informatica Software Engin...· 157 citations· ⚡17
This study conducts a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups, and demonstrates that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types.
Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguyen-Duc et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 127 citations· ⚡15
The comparison of adopter and non-adopter sample reveals three potential adoption inhibitor, security, data privacy, and portability, which underlines the importance of the technical and security perspectives for research investigating the adoption of technology.
Nattakarn Phaphoom, Xiaofeng Wang, S. Samuel et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 111 citations· ⚡8
The ongoing work building a Raspberry Pi cluster consisting of 300 nodes is presented, with potential use cases being an inexpensive and green test bed for cloud computing research and a robust and mobile data center for operating in adverse environments.
P. Abrahamsson, S. Helmer, Nattakarn Phaphoom et al.· IEEE International Conferenc...· 110 citations· ⚡7
The results indicate that software developers are a slightly happy population, but the need for limiting the unhappiness of developers remains, and 219 factors representing causes of unhappiness while developing software are identified.
D. Graziotin, Fabian Fagerholm, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· International Conference on...· 84 citations· ⚡6
Related blog posts
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduSep 14, 2026
The “HardFlow” algorithm could help generative AI models produce high-quality outputs that obey strict requirements when “pretty close” doesn’t cut it.
AI may appear weightless, but every model depends on physical infrastructure. To understand responsible AI, we need to look beyond algorithms and consider the entire lifecycle of the hardware behind them. The post Responsible AI Must Consider Its Afterlife appeared first on GPT-Lab.