Sep 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract
This article provides a beginner-friendly introduction to Machine Learning and explains how artificial intelligence systems learn patterns from data. It discusses the role of data, the training process, and the main approaches to machine learning, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The article also introduces neural networks, generative AI, and some important limitations of machine learning systems. Written from the perspective of a recently graduated high school student beginning her journey in Computer Science, this article aims to make the basic concepts of machine learning easier to understand while encouraging further exploration of Artificial Intelligence and its applications.
The results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.
Nicolò Paternoster, Carmine Giardino, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· Information and Software Tec...· 394 citations· ⚡54
This state-of-practice investigation was performed using a literature review followed by a multiple-case study approach and presents how inconsistency between managerial strategies and execution can lead to failure by means of a behavioral framework.
Carmine Giardino, Xiaofeng Wang, P. Abrahamsson· International Conference on...· 175 citations· ⚡19
This study conducts a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups, and demonstrates that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types.
Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguyen-Duc et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 127 citations· ⚡15
It is found that roles of MVPs in startups were not fully aware by entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs should consider a systematic approach to fully explore the value of MVP, as a multiple facet product (MFP).
Anh Nguyen-Duc, P. Abrahamsson· International Conference on...· 93 citations· ⚡9
The method, ECCOLA, is presented, which aims at making the high-level AI ethics principles more practical, making it possible for developers to more easily implement them in practice.
Ville Vakkuri, Kai-Kristian Kemell, P. Abrahamsson· EUROMICRO Conference on Soft...· 64 citations· ⚡6
It is found that what perceived as biggest challenges by software startups do vary across different life cycle stages, even though its significance decreases when the learning focuses of the startups move from problem to solution and their products mature.
Xiaofeng Wang, Henry Edison, Sohaib Shahid Bajwa et al.· International Conference on...· 62 citations· ⚡6
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