Sep 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
Abstract
LLMs combined with evolutionary search can discover improved programs when a precise fitness function is available, but web applications rarely have one: their goals are stated in business terms, trade off against each other, and are bounded by requirements that must never be violated. We present Web4AI, in which operators declare objectives and constraints in a small intent language; a compiler translates each intent into a constrained multi-objective fitness specification; an LLM-guided evolutionary engine proposes code variants; and a safety envelope of tests, static checks, staged rollout with non-inferiority testing, and automatic rollback governs what reaches users. We define the language's syntax and semantics, map it onto the MAPE-K self-adaptation loop, analyze risks such as metric gaming and evolutionary drift, and specify an evaluation protocol.
Supporting data, adapters, predictions and code for the article *Low-Cost LoRA Fine-Tuning of Small Language Models for Multi-Step Arithmetic Reasoning* by Jake O'Grady, Asena Isik Gürhan, Chee Fong Ting and Effirul Ramlan (University of Galway). We generated 20,000 GSM8K-derived arithmetic problems with step-by-step s...
O'Grady, Jake, Gürhan, Asena Isik, Chee, Fong Ting et al.· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 465 citations
The results are packaged in the Greenfield Startup Model (GSM), which explains the priority of startups to release the product as quickly as possible, and the need to shorten time-to-market, by speeding up the development through low-precision engineering activities.
Carmine Giardino, Nicolò Paternoster, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· IEEE Transactions on Softwar...· 178 citations· ⚡14
Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited timeframes and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models.
M. Unterkalmsteiner, P. Abrahamsson, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· e-Informatica Software Engin...· 157 citations· ⚡17
This study conducts a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups, and demonstrates that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types.
Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguyen-Duc et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 127 citations· ⚡15
The comparison of adopter and non-adopter sample reveals three potential adoption inhibitor, security, data privacy, and portability, which underlines the importance of the technical and security perspectives for research investigating the adoption of technology.
Nattakarn Phaphoom, Xiaofeng Wang, S. Samuel et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 111 citations· ⚡8
This study investigates how Lean internal startup facilitates software product innovation in large companies and identifies its enablers and inhibitors, and shows the potential of the method-in-action framework to investigate the Lean startup approach in non-startup context.
Henry Edison, Nina M. Smørsgård, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 78 citations· ⚡6
