HOIBlender: Blending Lightweight Detection with Vision-Language Priors for Efficient Human-Object Interaction Detection

Abstract

Human-object interaction (HOI) detection requires grounding an interacting human-object pair and recognizing the verb that links them, often under severe long-tail supervision. Recent methods improve accuracy with stronger detectors and vision-language priors, but many still stack heavy transformer encoders, intricate denoising schedules, or post-hoc semantic calibration on top of the detector. We present \textbf{HOIBlender}, an efficient HOI detector named after its core design principle: blending detector-grounded visual tokens, spatial subject-object reasoning, and BLIP-2 semantic priors inside one lightweight decoding pipeline. HOIBlender builds on an RF-DETR/LW-DETR-style foundation with a DINOv2 backbone and selects top-$K$ image-conditioned tokens directly from the multi-scale projector as subject and object candidates, removing the dedicated encoder stage retained by prior HOI methods. A dual-stage decoder first stabilizes human-object geometry and then performs verb and HOI classification through progressive BLIP-2 prior fusion, with classifier weights initialized from BLIP-2 text embeddings for long-tail categories. Grouped-query training further enriches optimization without increasing inference cost. Across three model scales (Nano, Small, 2XL), HOIBlender consistently outperforms SOV-STG-VLA and Hybrid-SOV-VLA on HICO-DET, reaching $44.49$ Default Full mAP in only $9$ training epochs while maintaining competitive latency and parameter budgets. These results show that lightweight detection, structured spatial-semantic decoding, and deeply integrated vision-language priors can be blended into a single efficient HOI pipeline.