Histological and radiographic evaluation of bone formation following alveolar ridge preservation using octacalcium phosphate collagen composite: A prospective non-randomized controlled clinical trial
TL;DR
ARP using OCP/Col resulted in increased buccal bone height and enhanced bone maturation at the alveolar crest compared with atelocollagen alone, and may facilitate minimally invasive, prosthetically driven implant therapy.
Abstract
To radiographically and histologically evaluate bone formation following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using octacalcium phosphate collagen composite (OCP/Col). A total of 42 patients (48 sites) completed the study. The primary comparison was performed between an OCP/Col-treated molar group (OCP-M) and an atelocollagen-treated molar control group (Control-M). In addition, an OCP/Col-treated incisor–premolar group (OCP-IP) was included as an exploratory subgroup to assess tooth-type effects. Alveolar bone dimensional changes were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after ARP and at 6 months. Guided hard tissue biopsies were performed to quantify the proportions of mature bone and residual granules. Changes in buccal bone height were + 0.7 mm (± 2.2) in the OCP-M group, − 0.6 mm (± 0.7) in the Control-M group, and + 3.7 mm (± 3.9) in the OCP-IP group. The difference between the OCP-M and Control-M groups was significant (p = 0.041), as was that between the OCP-IP and OCP-M groups (p = 0.038). Histologically, the proportion of mature bone in the alveolar crest region was significantly higher in the OCP-M group (38.14% ± 20.96) than in the Control-M group (18.28% ± 16.52, p = 0.009). Within the limitations of this study, ARP using OCP/Col resulted in increased buccal bone height and enhanced bone maturation at the alveolar crest compared with atelocollagen alone. OCP/Col may serve as a stand-alone graft material for ARP and may facilitate minimally invasive, prosthetically driven implant therapy. UMIN000059637 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry).