Evaluation of naked oat varieties in the Kursk region
Abstract
The studies were conducted in 2023-2025 to identify naked oat lines bred at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Centre that combine high productivity, grain quality, and adaptability to the conditions of the Kursk region on typical chernozem. The work was carried out in competitive variety trials (randomized blocks, 6-fold replication, seeding rate of 5 million viable seeds/ha). Six lines (54h2476, 24h2416, 37h2173, 52h2467, 16h2476, 13h2778) were studied in comparison with the Nemchinovsky 61 standard. Adaptability parameters were assessed using the methods of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, A.A. Rosielle, J. Hamblin, V.V. Khangildin, and E.D. Nettevich. Favourable conditions were observed in 2024, droughty ones – in 2023 and 2025. Lines 37h2173, 52h2467, 13h2778 were highly resistant to lodging (4.8 points against 4.5 points for the standard). Line 54h2476 demonstrated the highest productive tillering (2.7 against 2.5 pcs. for the standard); line 37h2173 – the highest thousand grain weight (30.1 g and 26.6 g, respectively). The highest yield was formed by lines 24h2416 (39.4 c/ha) and 54h2476 (38.3 c/ha), with this indicator for the standard being 36.5 c/ha. Line 13h2778 demonstrated high stress resistance (SR=Ymin-Ymax) (-12.0 c/ha); line 24h2416 demonstrated the highest genetic flexibility (GF=(Ymax+Ymin)/2) (41.3 c/ha versus 37.8 c/ha for the standard). Lines 37h2173, 24h2416, and 16h2476 were characterised by a plasticity coefficient bi> 1 (1.08; 1.19, and 1.23, respectively, versus 0.92 for the standard). Line 54h2476 demonstrated the highest yield stability: coefficient of variation V = 16.9%, homeostasis Hom = 227.0, selection value Sc = 27.8, and variety stability level VSI = 132.2% (versus 20.3%, 180.1%, 25.1%, and 100% for the standard). Line 52h2467 exceeded the standard in crude protein content (17.2% versus 15.8%) and grain specific gravity (618 and 615 g/l, respectively). Line 54h2476 has been submitted to the Russian Federation State Variety Testing Committee as the Ayas variety for the Central, Central Black Earth, and North Caucasus regions.
